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Different spatial planning solutions are required due to the diversity of ground conditions and ______ in settlements.
Different spatial planning solutions are required due to the diversity of ground conditions and ______ in settlements.
interrelationships
Urban centers must be expressly recognized for their growth potential and particular services such as marketing, industrial, and ______ centers.
Urban centers must be expressly recognized for their growth potential and particular services such as marketing, industrial, and ______ centers.
tourist
The identification of gaps and projecting the population and ______ needs is crucial for the plan year.
The identification of gaps and projecting the population and ______ needs is crucial for the plan year.
infrastructure
Using various planning techniques and principles a ______ for plan preparation is developed.
Using various planning techniques and principles a ______ for plan preparation is developed.
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The sectors focused in a particular plan may vary for Economic Development Objectives, Transportation Objectives, and ______ Objectives.
The sectors focused in a particular plan may vary for Economic Development Objectives, Transportation Objectives, and ______ Objectives.
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The plan approval process is decentralized in view of the ______ (Constitutional Amendment Act).
The plan approval process is decentralized in view of the ______ (Constitutional Amendment Act).
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Implementation should contain roles and responsibilities of all ______, resource mobilisation framework and phase-wise implementation schedule.
Implementation should contain roles and responsibilities of all ______, resource mobilisation framework and phase-wise implementation schedule.
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A well-structured ______ is essential for planned project activities in urban and regional planning.
A well-structured ______ is essential for planned project activities in urban and regional planning.
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The key aspects of the Implementation framework should align with aims, objectives, and prioritised ______.
The key aspects of the Implementation framework should align with aims, objectives, and prioritised ______.
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The Implementation framework may include the phasing of developmental ______.
The Implementation framework may include the phasing of developmental ______.
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The key aspects of monitoring include the institutional setup of the authority in place, which may include adequate staff and required ______.
The key aspects of monitoring include the institutional setup of the authority in place, which may include adequate staff and required ______.
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Change in ______ is one of the key parameters to monitor in the planned area.
Change in ______ is one of the key parameters to monitor in the planned area.
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Monitoring includes actual infrastructure works versus the proposed ______.
Monitoring includes actual infrastructure works versus the proposed ______.
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In the evaluation stage, monitoring of a plan is conducted through periodical ______.
In the evaluation stage, monitoring of a plan is conducted through periodical ______.
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The Synoptic Planning approach focuses on goal setting, identification of policy alternatives, evaluation of means against ______.
The Synoptic Planning approach focuses on goal setting, identification of policy alternatives, evaluation of means against ______.
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Review is usually conducted for ______ years in the case of perspective, Regional and Development plans.
Review is usually conducted for ______ years in the case of perspective, Regional and Development plans.
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The ______ document that outlines the growth trajectory is known as a perspective plan.
The ______ document that outlines the growth trajectory is known as a perspective plan.
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Perspective plans combine the regional plan with the broad level ______.
Perspective plans combine the regional plan with the broad level ______.
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Key features of perspective plans include focuses on spatio-economic development policies, strategies, and ______.
Key features of perspective plans include focuses on spatio-economic development policies, strategies, and ______.
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Perspective plans aid in the ______ mapping for the state.
Perspective plans aid in the ______ mapping for the state.
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The time frame for perspective plans is typically ______ years.
The time frame for perspective plans is typically ______ years.
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An example of a perspective plan is the State Urbanisation ______.
An example of a perspective plan is the State Urbanisation ______.
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Perspective plans provide an overall ______ for lower-level plans.
Perspective plans provide an overall ______ for lower-level plans.
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Perspective plans cover aspects such as social, economic, environmental, and ______ development.
Perspective plans cover aspects such as social, economic, environmental, and ______ development.
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These plans are prepared within the framework of Regional Plan, Development Plan or Local Area Plan within the jurisdiction of a local authority and are known as ______.
These plans are prepared within the framework of Regional Plan, Development Plan or Local Area Plan within the jurisdiction of a local authority and are known as ______.
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The annual plan contains details of new and ongoing projects that the local authority wishes to undertake in the given ______.
The annual plan contains details of new and ongoing projects that the local authority wishes to undertake in the given ______.
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Key features of the annual plan include resource requirements, sources of funds, and identification of projects on an urgency ______.
Key features of the annual plan include resource requirements, sources of funds, and identification of projects on an urgency ______.
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Project/research plans prepare pre-feasibility and feasibility studies along with Detailed Project ______.
Project/research plans prepare pre-feasibility and feasibility studies along with Detailed Project ______.
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Projects in the project/research plans can be related to any area, activity or land use such as residential, commercial, or ______.
Projects in the project/research plans can be related to any area, activity or land use such as residential, commercial, or ______.
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Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own ______.
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own ______.
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Special Purpose Plans encourage reforms and fast-tracking planned development of cities and peri-urban ______.
Special Purpose Plans encourage reforms and fast-tracking planned development of cities and peri-urban ______.
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The investment plan is an example of an annual plan that lays out actionable tasks for the upcoming ______.
The investment plan is an example of an annual plan that lays out actionable tasks for the upcoming ______.
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Scale-up of provision of utilities with a focus on universal access to the urban ______ is a primary goal of special purpose plans.
Scale-up of provision of utilities with a focus on universal access to the urban ______ is a primary goal of special purpose plans.
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Examples of special purpose plans include those prepared under Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT Mission, and Swachh Bharat ______.
Examples of special purpose plans include those prepared under Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT Mission, and Swachh Bharat ______.
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Advocacy planning focuses on overcoming insensitive plans and generating ______ plans.
Advocacy planning focuses on overcoming insensitive plans and generating ______ plans.
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Participatory planning involves a larger local ______.
Participatory planning involves a larger local ______.
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Radical planning emphasizes the value of self-awareness and freedom from outside ______.
Radical planning emphasizes the value of self-awareness and freedom from outside ______.
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Criticism of established customs is a part of the ______ planning cycle.
Criticism of established customs is a part of the ______ planning cycle.
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One standard of radical planning relates to unrestrained ______, driven by a shared direction.
One standard of radical planning relates to unrestrained ______, driven by a shared direction.
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Advocacy planning enhances the level and standard of planning procedures and ______.
Advocacy planning enhances the level and standard of planning procedures and ______.
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Radical planning examines social cycles on a more fundamental and ______ level.
Radical planning examines social cycles on a more fundamental and ______ level.
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Incorporation of customary information makes planning more an abstract ______ than a goal cycle.
Incorporation of customary information makes planning more an abstract ______ than a goal cycle.
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Special Region Plans can be prepared for Eco sensitive Zones, Hilly Regions, Backward Regions etc., with a time frame of ______ years.
Special Region Plans can be prepared for Eco sensitive Zones, Hilly Regions, Backward Regions etc., with a time frame of ______ years.
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The NCR Regional Plan 2021-2041 focuses on Tourism and Heritage, Transportation and Mobility, Economic Growth, and ______.
The NCR Regional Plan 2021-2041 focuses on Tourism and Heritage, Transportation and Mobility, Economic Growth, and ______.
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A ______ plan is a statutory plan prepared within the framework of an approved perspective plan.
A ______ plan is a statutory plan prepared within the framework of an approved perspective plan.
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Key features of a development plan include preparing a comprehensive plan for urban areas and focusing on physical aspects like infrastructure and ______.
Key features of a development plan include preparing a comprehensive plan for urban areas and focusing on physical aspects like infrastructure and ______.
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Development Plans are characterized as multi-sectoral and have a time frame of ______ to ______ years.
Development Plans are characterized as multi-sectoral and have a time frame of ______ to ______ years.
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Local Area Plans focus on micro-level planning to guide development or redevelopment of land, conservation of buildings, and providing ______.
Local Area Plans focus on micro-level planning to guide development or redevelopment of land, conservation of buildings, and providing ______.
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Examples of Local Area Plans include Town Planning Schemes, Zonal Plans, and Urban ______.
Examples of Local Area Plans include Town Planning Schemes, Zonal Plans, and Urban ______.
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The Town Planning Scheme in Gujarat’s Prahlad Nagar is suitable to be implemented in ______ areas.
The Town Planning Scheme in Gujarat’s Prahlad Nagar is suitable to be implemented in ______ areas.
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Special Purpose Plans are prepared for the specific requirements of a particular sector, such as ______.
Special Purpose Plans are prepared for the specific requirements of a particular sector, such as ______.
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The Prahlad Nagar area extent is ______ hectares and was implemented through the AUDA 1987 Development Plan.
The Prahlad Nagar area extent is ______ hectares and was implemented through the AUDA 1987 Development Plan.
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Study Notes
Planning Process - Classical Approaches to Planning
- The planning process is a continuous cycle that includes identifying a problem, defining aims and objectives, identifying needs, formulating a plan, getting approval, implementation and monitoring and reviewing the plan.
- Different spatial planning solutions are needed because of the diversity of ground conditions and interrelationships in settlements such as in port cities, industrial cities, peri-urban areas, and old cities.
- The identification of the problem is to determine the focus area or issue sector, such as traffic congestion, urban sprawl, resource scarcity, housing affordability, etc.
- The aim of the plan is a broad and general statement of policy makers' decisions, aspirations of the people, and community needs.
- Objectives are specific statements on how the aims will be achieved, taking into account the potentials.
- Objectives for job opportunities may include the provision of jobs through industries, commerce, or trade; incentives to industries; and sites for informal sector economic activities.
- Different indicators are needed for different areas.
- Common indicators include cargo and logistics, railways, coastal features, details of the port, primary economic activities.
- More specific indicators include connectivity, historical background, location analysis, demography, socio-economic analysis, environmental profile, land profile, key developmental indicators, infrastructure, and existing regulations.
- The identification of projected requirements includes identifying gaps, projecting population, and projecting infrastructure needs for the plan year.
- Tools may include primary and secondary surveys, remote sensing, and geo-spatial databases.
- Priorities, programs, policies, norms, and standards for aims and objectives, and stakeholders' consultations are also essential
- Plan formulations use various planning techniques and principles to create a roadmap or methodology.
- Plan formulation sectors may vary; examples include economic development, transportation, utility services, social infrastructure, safety / security of citizens, and growth patterns / design objectives and investment programs/sustainability objectives.
- The plan approval process is decentralised in view of the 74th CAA.
- The plan approval process includes various plan types and the respective approving authorities.
- The plan implementation process should contain roles, responsibilities of all stakeholders, resource mobilization framework, and a phase-wise schedule of planned project activities.
- Prioritized projects/schemes, objectives, and frameworks of implementations are essential.
- Key aspects to be considered in implementation include priorities of projects/research; phasing of developmental activities; proposals for land resource mobilization; investment strategy and promotion; and institutional setup.
- The plan monitoring process includes the institutional setup of the authority, which may include adequate staff and required qualifications, health and safety norms followed; changes in the jurisdiction of the planned area; changes in density (population density, built-up density); infrastructure development; decongestion (reduced travel time); investment; and public participation.
- Parameters for monitoring may include adequate staff, required qualifications, health and safety norms followed; extent of the area; and density.
- Decongestion as a parameter may include reduced travel time.
- The evaluation and review stage involves periodical inspections and preparation of review reports. The stage involves understanding the level of implementation of any plan/project. Reviews are generally conducted every 5 years for perspective, regional, or development plans.
- Typical approaches generally use a systems perspective and numerical mathematical modeling.
- Classical approaches to planning consider synoptic, incremental, transactive, and advocacy planning approaches.
- The synoptic approach is continuous, analyzing a problem, identifying measures, developing alternatives, implementing alternatives, and monitoring their progress, usually focusing on goals, policy alternatives, evaluation of means, and implementation of decisions.
- The incremental approach focuses on small, gradual improvements, daily decisions, and evaluating a few limited options with no long-term objectives.
- The transactive approach concentrates on complete experiences of people's lives and issues through face-to-face interactions, involving interpersonal discussion and learning, a focus on individual and events, and customary information.
- The advocacy approach increases public awareness, involves larger local regions, enables argumentation/views, enhances planning procedures and outcomes, and encourages collaboration.
- The radical approach uses community-based planning and social interactions, relating to activism and optimistic confidence.
- The approach emphasizes self-awareness and freedom from outside influence to understand social cycles, media and cultural controls, and examining social interactions, conflicts, and collisions.
- The SITAR model describes a cyclical process, and shows the relationships between the classical approaches of planning.
- Planning systems frameworks in India include various types of plans (perspective, regional, development, local area, special purpose, and annual plans), their scopes, and time frames.
- Examples of plans include NCR Regional Plan, Mussoorie Dehradun Development Authority Master Plan, and the Gujarat’s Prahlad Nagar Town Planning Scheme.
- Local area plans focus on micro-level planning, development (or redevelopment), conservation, infrastructure and amenities.
- Special purpose plans address sector-specific requirements—economic, environmental etc.
- Annual plans detail new and ongoing projects for the fiscal year and incorporate the financial and physical performance analysis of the local authority during previous financial years.
Sustainability and Rationality in Planning
- Sustainable development meets present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs.
- Three pillars include environment, economy, and society.
- Key factors include land use, environment, topography, climate, resources, waste management, green building, landscaping, energy and water management, water treatment, re-use, and management of human consumption.
- Rationality in planning is focused on logical procedures, evidence-based, and systematic approaches.
- Types of rationality include technical, substantive, and procedural rationalities.
Art of Visioning
- Visioning is an attractive, ideal description of a desired future state that is historically or contextually better.
- Steps include engaging stakeholders, analyzing trends and issues, developing shared aspirations and goals, and creating compelling vision statements.
- Tools include scenario planning, SWOT analysis, workshops, and public consultations.
- Key benefits include encouraging innovation and creativity, building consensus, and providing framework for decision-making.
Forecasting
- Forecasting presents the most likely future scenarios based on drivers for change.
- Forecasting is impacted by a limited range of variation.
- Forecasts rely on historical data and conjectures of future developments.
- Forecasting tends to treat the future as a continuation of the past.
Backcasting
- Backcasting bridges the present to a desirable future, working backward to identify steps to achieve it..
- Emphasizes outlining a societal/environmental vision and identifying pathways to this vision.
- Backcasting connects a vision to present-day decision-making
- It focuses on articulating a societal and environmnetal vision
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Description
This quiz explores the essential concepts and processes involved in urban and regional planning. Participants will examine the diverse solutions required for various ground conditions, the significance of urban centers, and the importance of a well-structured implementation framework. Test your knowledge on economic development, transportation, and stakeholder roles in urban planning.
