UPSC Modern History Previous Year Questions

The British East India Company's armies utilized superior strategy, technology, and organizational structure, which helped them defeat the Indian rulers' armies. Additionally, they often had Indian soldiers who were more disciplined and well-trained.

The famines in colonial India were exacerbated by policies that prioritized profit over welfare, disrupted traditional agricultural practices, and created economic inequalities. Additionally, the British extraction of resources and lack of adequate relief efforts contributed to the severity of famines.

Mahatma Gandhi focused on practical and value-based education, while Rabindranath Tagore emphasized intellectual and artistic education. Gandhi's nationalism was centered around non-violence and self-reliance, while Tagore's nationalism was more cosmopolitan and universal.

<p>Gandhi's constructive programmes during the movements included promoting Khadi (handspun cloth), Hindu-Muslim unity, removal of untouchability, and encouragement of village industries. These initiatives aimed at self-reliance, social reform, and empowerment of marginalized communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Moderates played a crucial role in laying the foundation for the wider freedom movement by advocating for constitutional reforms, unity among diverse groups, and dialogue with the colonial government. They helped in politicizing the masses and creating awareness about national issues, setting the stage for more assertive nationalist actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers