Respiratory Infections Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What are the primary reasons for performing a thoracotomy?

To administer medication and conduct physical examinations

To remove tumors and perform biopsies (correct)

To manage respiratory distress and monitor vital signs

To provide complete bed rest and oxygen therapy

What is the main purpose of maintaining a water-seal drainage system in a patient with a thoracotomy tube?

To facilitate immediate surgical intervention if needed

To ensure complete bed rest during recovery

To provide continuous oxygen supply to the patient

To prevent air and fluid from entering the pleural space (correct)

Which of the following observations is critical for a nurse managing a patient with subcutaneous emphysema?

Observing for early signs of respiratory distress (correct)

Monitoring for signs of infection at the incision site

Regularly changing the patient's position to prevent pressure sores

Ensuring the patient maintains a high fluid intake

Postoperatively, what is a primary nursing responsibility regarding chest tube management?

Monitoring and maintaining proper tube function Signup and view all the answers

If a patient with a thoracotomy requires transport to radiology, what is the best course of action for the nurse?

Disconnect the suction and maintain the water-seal drainage Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of acute bronchitis?

Mycoplasma pneumoniae Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding is associated with pneumonia?

Rust-colored sputum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary medical management for pleurisy?

Analgesics and NSAIDs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key assessment finding for lung abscess/empyema?

Purulent sputum Signup and view all the answers

What is a diagnostic method for pleural effusion?

CT scan Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is NOT typically found in a patient with influenza?

Rust-colored sputum Signup and view all the answers

What medical management is commonly employed for tuberculosis?

Isoniazid (INH) Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing management intervention is essential for clients with pneumonia?

Elevate the head of the bed Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of pleural effusion?

Pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

Which finding is characteristic of acute bronchitis?

Dry and nonproductive cough Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing management for clients with lung abscess/eampyema?

Providing emotional support Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the cough associated with pulmonary tuberculosis?

Slight nonproductive cough initially, later productive Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical finding in a patient with pleurisy?

Shallow respirations Signup and view all the answers

Which strain of influenza is NOT considered a major strain?

Strain D Signup and view all the answers

Which test is primarily used to determine if the tubercle bacillus has entered the client's body?

The Mantoux test Signup and view all the answers

What is a common assessment finding in a patient with chronic bronchitis?

Productive cough with thick, white mucus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a medical management strategy for emphysema?

Antibiotics and bronchodilators Signup and view all the answers

What could potentially cause atelectasis?

Prolonged bed rest Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing management strategy is important for a patient with asthma?

Monitoring peak flow rates Signup and view all the answers

In emphysema, what happens to the alveoli?

They lose elasticity. Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic finding is associated with asthma?

Prolonged expiration Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of medical management in chronic bronchitis?

Prevent recurrent irritation Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is frequently observed in patients with atelectasis?

Increased secretions Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of ventilation is addressed in the medical management of emphysema?

Oxygen supplementation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a non-pharmacologic management for asthma?

Avoidance of allergens Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of bronchiectasis?

Irreversible dilation of bronchi Signup and view all the answers

What triggers bronchial asthma episodes?

Exercise and weather changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between chronic bronchitis and respiratory infections?

Chronic bronchitis increases the likelihood of recurrent infections. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of measuring peak flow rates in patients?

They measure the client’s response to bronchodilator therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a common assessment finding associated with cystic fibrosis?

Frequent respiratory infections and thick mucus production Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary medical management strategy for pulmonary hypertension?

Use of vasodilators and anticoagulants Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome?

Acute lung injury from various factors Signup and view all the answers

What assessment findings are typical in a patient with pulmonary embolism?

Immediate onset pain, tachycardia, and dyspnea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an effective nursing management strategy for respiratory failure?

Obtaining emergency resuscitative equipment Signup and view all the answers

What symptom differentiates pneumoconiosis from other lung diseases?

Inflammation due to dust or gas exposure. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects the pathophysiology of lung cancer?

Prolonged exposure to carcinogens Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of cystic fibrosis patients?

Salty-tasting skin and failure to thrive Signup and view all the answers

What should be the initial assessment finding indicating respiratory distress?

Apprehension and restlessness Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is not typically used for patients with pulmonary embelism?

Antibiotics for secondary infections Signup and view all the answers

What nursing management technique is crucial for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome?

Humidification of oxygen therapy Signup and view all the answers

What primary assessment finding indicates a potential case of pulmonary hypertension?

Dyspnea and peripheral edema Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by pain during inspiration and expiration?

Fractured ribs Signup and view all the answers

Which management strategy is relevant for occupational lung diseases?

Dust control and protective equipment Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acute Bronchitis

Inflammation of mucous membranes caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumonia, and Aspergillus.
Symptoms include fever, chills, malaise, headache, dry cough, and mucopurulent sputum.
Treatment includes bed rest, antipyretics, expectorants, antitussives, increased fluids, and antibiotics.

Pneumonia

Inflammation of the bronchioles and alveoli.
Can be categorized as radiation, chemical, aspiration, bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia, CAP (community-acquired pneumonia), and HAP (hospital-acquired pneumonia).
Symptoms include fever, chills, productive cough, chest discomfort, malaise, and rust-colored sputum.
Treatment includes antibiotic therapy, hydration, oxygen, bed rest, chest physiotherapy, postural drainage, bronchodilators, analgesics, antipyretics, and cough expectorants or suppressants.

Pleurisy

Inflammation of the parietal and visceral pleurae.
Symptoms include shallow respirations, excruciating pain, dry cough, fatigue, dyspnea, and friction rub.
Treatment includes analgesics, antipyretics and NSAIDs.

Pleural Effusion

Abnormal collection of fluid between the visceral and parietal pleurae.
Causes: pneumonia, lung cancer, tuberculosis, pulmonary embolism, and congestive heart failure.
Symptoms include fever, pain, dyspnea, and friction rub.
Diagnosed through chest x-ray, CT scan, and thoracentesis.
Treatment includes antibiotics, analgesics, cardiotonic drugs, and chest tube insertion.

Lung Abscess/Empyema

Localized pus formation in the lung.
Causes: aspiration, bacterial pneumonia, or mechanical obstruction.
Symptoms include chills, fever, weight loss, chest pain, productive cough, purulent and blood-streaked sputum, finger clubbing.
Treatment includes postural drainage, antibiotics, and surgery such as thoracentesis and thoracotomy.

Influenza

Acute respiratory disease.
Major strains include A, B, and C.
Symptoms include severe headache, muscle aches, anorexia, sore throat, laryngitis, nasal discharge, and dry cough.
Prevention: flu vaccination.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Initial symptoms include fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, and a slight nonproductive cough.
Later symptoms include night sweats, productive cough with mucopurulent and blood-streaked sputum, weakness, wasting, hemoptysis, and dyspnea.
Diagnosed through Mantoux tuberculin skin test, chest x-ray, CT scan, and MRI.
Treatment includes medication therapy with isoniazid (INH), and segmental resection.

Bronchiectasis

Chronic infection and irreversible dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles.
Symptoms include chronic cough, expectoration of purulent drainage, fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, and dyspnea.
Treatment includes antibiotics, bronchodilators, mucolytics, and humidification.

Atelectasis

Collapse of the alveoli.
Causes include aspiration, mucous plug, fluid or air tumors, enlarged heart, aneurysm, and prolonged bed rest.
Symptoms include cyanosis, fever, pain, dyspnea, increased pulse and respiratory rates, and increased secretions.
Diagnosed through chest x-ray, ABG, and pulse oximetry.
Treatment includes improving ventilation, suctioning, deep breathing, coughing, bronchodilators, and humidification.

Chronic Bronchitis

Hypersecretion of mucus and recurrent or chronic respiratory tract infections.
Causes include bronchial asthma, influenza or pneumonia, air pollution, and smoking.
Symptoms include chronic cough with thick, white mucus, and bronchospasm in the early stages.
Treatment includes preventing recurrent irritation, removing secretions, smoking cessation, bronchodilators, increased fluids, postural drainage, and steroid therapy.

Emphysema

Alveoli lose elasticity, trapping expired air.
Characterized by fibrous scarring and bullae formation which may lead to pneumothorax.
Symptoms include exertional dyspnea, breathlessness at rest, chronic productive cough, pursed-lip breathing, difficulty with exhalation, carbon dioxide narcosis, use of accessory muscles, and barrel-chested appearance.
Diagnosed through chest x-ray, fluoroscopy, CT, pulmonary function studies, and ABGs.
Treatment includes bronchodilators, aerosol therapy, oxygen therapy, antibiotics, and physical therapy.

Asthma

Inflammation and bronchoconstriction of the airway, along with airway hypersensitivity.
Types include allergic and nonallergic.
Triggers include allergens and irritants, infections, exercise, weather changes, emotions, and medication sensitivity.
Symptoms include shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, production of thick sputum, and prolonged expiration.
Diagnosed through chest auscultation and pulmonary function studies.
Treatment includes avoiding allergens, antihistamines, desensitization, pharmacologic treatment, and nutrition management.

Cystic Fibrosis

Faulty transport of sodium and chloride resulting in the production of abnormally thick, sticky mucus.
Caused by an inherited defective autosomal recessive gene.
Symptoms include frequent respiratory infections, cough, purulent sputum, thick mucus, finger clubbing, hemoptysis, failure to thrive, greasy stools, and salty-tasting skin.
Treatment includes bronchodilators, respiratory treatments, diet management, pancreatic enzymes, and lung transplant.

Pulmonary Hypertension

Resistance to blood flow in the pulmonary circulation causes pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Symptoms include dyspnea, weakness, chest pain, fatigue, jugular venous distention, orthopnea, and peripheral edema.
Treatment includes vasodilators, anticoagulants, and management of underlying cardiac or respiratory diseases.

Pulmonary Embolism

Obstruction of pulmonary arteries or branches by a blood clot.
Caused by Virchow's triad.
Symptoms include immediate onset of pain, tachycardia, and dyspnea, fever, cough, blood-streaked sputum, cyanosis, irregular heart rate, and wheezing.
Treatment includes IV heparin, IV thrombolytic drugs, and embolectomy.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Acute lung injury.
Causes: aspiration, near drowning, vomiting, drug ingestion or overdose, hematologic disorders, smoke inhalation, lung infection, and trauma.
Symptoms include increased respiratory rate, shallow labored respirations, cyanosis, use of accessory muscles, anxiety, and mental confusion.
Treatment includes humidified oxygen, mechanical ventilation, and artificial airway.

Respiratory Failure

Inability to exchange sufficient amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide for the body's needs.
Causes include acute or chronic conditions such as COPD and neuromuscular disorders.
Symptoms include apprehension, restlessness, wheezing, cyanosis, dyspnea, hypoxemia, and hypercapnia.
Treatment includes maintaining a patent airway, humidified oxygen, and mechanical ventilation.

Lung Cancer

Prolonged exposure to carcinogens such as cigarette smoking leads to lung cancer.
Symptoms include cough with mucopurulent or blood-streaked sputum, anorexia, weight loss, dyspnea, and chest pain.
Diagnosed through chest x-ray, CT, PET scan, MRI, and bronchoscopy.
Treatment includes chemotherapy, radiation, and lobectomy.

Fractured Ribs

Caused by trauma, may lead to flail chest.
Symptoms include severe pain during inspiration and expiration, and respiratory acidosis.
Treatment includes elastic bandage, rib belt, and analgesics.

Penetrating Wounds

Can cause pneumothorax, hemothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, hemorrhage, lung contusion, and damage to surrounding tissues.
Treatment includes airway management and emergency care.

Blast Injuries

Compression of the chest by an explosion can seriously damage the lungs by rupturing the alveoli.
Symptoms include subcutaneous emphysema and crepitation.
Treatment includes complete bed rest, oxygen, and possibly surgery and chest tube insertion.

Thoracotomy

Performed to remove fluid, blood, or air, remove tumors, perform lung removal, repair structures, repair trauma, and perform biopsies.
Preoperative care includes lung assessment and a patient's history.
Postoperative care includes chest tube management.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on common respiratory infections including acute bronchitis, pneumonia, and pleurisy. This quiz covers causes, symptoms, and treatments of these conditions. Improve your understanding of respiratory health and medical terminology.