Respiratory System Quiz (BMS Learning Outcomes)

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the nasal cavity?

To regulate body temperature

To warm or cool air before it enters the respiratory system (correct)

To house the vocal folds

To exclusively filter out large particles

Which part of the pharynx is responsible for providing a drainage path for lymphatic fluids?

Nasopharynx (correct)

Laryngopharynx

Glottis

Oropharynx

What crucial role does the oropharynx play in the body?

It allows for the production of sound

It prevents food or liquids from entering the lungs (correct)

It connects to the Eustachian tubes

It filters air before it enters the nasal cavity

Which type of epithelium lines the laryngopharynx?

Stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is housed within the larynx that enables speech?

Vocal folds Signup and view all the answers

Which structure prevents food from entering the respiratory tract during swallowing?

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

What separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity?

The palate Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cartilage makes up the thyroid cartilage of the larynx?

Hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

How does the nasal cavity contribute to the sense of taste?

Through posterior communication with the mouth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory system?

Esophagus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bronchioles?

They transport air to alveoli. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures does NOT contribute to the process of gas exchange in the lungs?

Bronchi Signup and view all the answers

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Two Signup and view all the answers

During inhalation, what happens to the diaphragm?

It relaxes and moves downward. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily composes the pleural cavity?

Fluid Signup and view all the answers

What role do the accessory muscles of respiration play?

They elevate the rib cage. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bronchus serves the right lung?

Primary bronchus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the intercostal muscles?

Aid in the process of breathing. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during exhalation?

Lung volume reduces to force air out. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of alveoli?

They allow for gas exchange with thin walls. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Upper Respiratory System

Nasal Cavity: Air entry point; divided by nasal septum (cartilage); lined with mucus-secreting cells for warming and filtering air; houses olfactory nerve for smell; contributes to taste.
Pharynx (Throat): Routes food to esophagus and air to trachea; warms, moistens, and filters air; divided into three sections: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Nasopharynx: Connects nose to mouth; contains adenoids and Eustachian tube openings; lymphatic drainage.
Oropharynx: Receives air from nasopharynx, food from mouth; crucial for preventing food/liquid from entering lungs.
Laryngopharynx: Passage for air and food; stratified squamous epithelium lining; during swallowing air passage temporarily blocks to prevent food from entering the respiratory tract.

Larynx (Voice Box)

Function: Allows air passage while preventing food/drink blockage; houses vocal folds for speech and singing.
Structure: Composed of thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple), cricoid cartilage, and epiglottis (elastic cartilage).

Lower Respiratory System

Trachea (Windpipe): Conducts air to lungs; composed of C-shaped cartilage rings supporting its structure.
Bronchi: Branches of trachea; conduct air into lungs; progressively less cartilage and more smooth muscle as they branch.
Bronchioles: Smallest branches of bronchi; no cartilage; smooth muscle dominates; deliver air to alveoli; three types exist (lobular, terminal, respiratory).
Alveoli: Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs; single-celled walls for rapid O2 and CO2 diffusion; surrounded by a dense capillary network.

Lungs

Lobes: Right lung has 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior); left lung has 2 lobes (superior, inferior).
Bronchopulmonary segments: Divisions within each lobe; each segment receives air from a tertiary bronchus.
Pulmonary lobules: Divisions of each lung.
Interlobular septa: Connective tissue walls separating pulmonary lobules.
Pleura: Double-layered membrane surrounding lungs; pleural cavity filled with fluid reducing friction during breathing. Outer layer (parietal) lines chest wall; inner layer (visceral) covers lungs and related structures; potential space between layers (serous film).

Respiration Mechanics

Ribs and Intercostal Muscles: Assist in breathing; external, internal, and innermost layers; innervated by intercostal nerves. 12 thoracic vertebrae & 24 ribs + sternum.
Accessory muscles of respiration: Muscles that assist in respiration – sternocleidomastoid, scalene.
Diaphragm: Dome-shaped muscle; contracts for inhalation (expanding chest cavity). Relaxes for exhalation.
Gaseous exchange: The movement of oxygen into the blood, and carbon dioxide out of the blood occurs in the alveoli; oxygenated blood travels to body tissues through pulmonary veins.

Pulmonary Circulation (blood circulation in the lungs):

Deoxygenated blood from the heart enters the lungs via the pulmonary arteries.
Blood travels through a capillary net, exchanging gases with alveoli (O2 into blood, CO2 out of blood).
Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via pulmonary veins.

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Description

Explore the anatomy and functions of the upper respiratory system, including the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Understand how these structures facilitate air passage while protecting against food and liquid intrusion. Learn about the role of the vocal folds in speech.