Anatomy of Upper Respiratory System

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What is the function of Clara cells in the terminal or tertiary bronchioles?

To produce surfactant-like material to reduce surface tension and maintain bronchiole patency (correct)

To divide and regenerate the bronchiolar epithelium

To protect the bronchiolar epithelium by lining it with their secretory product

To metabolize xenobiotic compounds

What type of epithelium lines the terminal or tertiary bronchioles?

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Simple columnar or cuboidal epithelium composed of ciliated and Clara cells (correct)

What is the main function of the respiratory bronchioles?

To conduct air to the alveolar sacs

To exchange gases between the air and blood (correct)

To produce surfactant to maintain alveolar patency

To provide a barrier against inhaled pathogens

What structure is responsible for the final exchange of gases between air and blood?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the bronchial pores found in the alveolar ducts?

To provide a pathway for the movement of cells and fluid between alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells line the alveolar ducts?

Cuboidal epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which gland type is found in the submucosa of the trachea?

Tubuloalveolar glands Signup and view all the answers

What kind of cells are NOT present in the tracheal mucosa?

Eosinophils Signup and view all the answers

Which animal types have Type II lungs?

Dogs, cats, and monkeys Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the lung according to the text?

Excretes carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the respiratory system is characterized by skeletal muscles?

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

What are the spheroidal air spaces that open into an alveolar sac or alveolar duct called?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Which type of alveolar lining cell produces surfactants?

Type II pneumocytes Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the cells in the lung parenchyma are alveolar macrophages or dust cells?

2-9% Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the air-conducting tubes that carry air to the alveoli?

Conducting bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not part of the two arterial systems that supply the lung?

Bronchial artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the air spaces between the alveoli?

Alveolar spaces Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the air capillaries in birds?

Simple squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

How many unpaired air sacs do most birds have?

3 Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is involved in the return of air from the air sacs to the lung proper?

Recurrent bronchi Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the avian respiratory system sends diverticula into bones like the humerus?

Air vesicles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the mural elements in the avian respiratory system?

Air capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is true about the avian lung?

It has a continuous duct system with air sacs Signup and view all the answers

What are the main parts of the bronchial tree in the avian lung?

Primary bronchi, mesobronchus, and vestibulum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about parabronchi is true?

Parabronchi are continuous with other parabronchi Signup and view all the answers

What is the epithelial lining of air vesicles or atria?