Shoulder Anatomy and Movement Quiz
44 Questions
5 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What movement does the clavicular head primarily perform at the glenohumeral joint?

  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Extension
  • Flexion (correct)

    • In adduction, which additional movement must occur for it to reach 30° to 45°?

  • Extension (correct)
  • Rotation
  • Circumduction
  • Elevation

    • Which range of flexion is possible at the shoulder joint?

  • Up to 90°
  • Up to 45°
  • Up to 135°
  • Up to 180° (correct)

    • What is the movement range of abduction from 0° to 60° primarily associated with?

    <p>Shoulder joint movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the abduction movement is true after reaching the 90° position?

    <p>It requires the use of the scapulothoracic joint. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical structure is primarily responsible for providing strength and stability to the shoulder area?

    <p>Humeral head (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is described as a physiological joint contributing to shoulder kinematics?

    <p>Scapulo-thoracic joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the boundaries of the space between the scapula and the serratus muscle?

    <p>Scapula and subscapularis muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is strongly related to the structures described in the content?

    <p>Rotator cuff tears (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle is involved anteriorly and medially in the space between the thoracic wall and the serratus muscle?

    <p>Serratus anterior muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures correspond to the scapula's supero-medial angle?

    <p>First thoracic vertebra (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the inferior glenohumeral ligament?

    <p>Stabilize the shoulder in abduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the coraco-humeral ligament attach?

    <p>Coracoid process to the greater and lesser tuberosities of the humerus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the glenoid labrum?

    <p>To deepen the glenoid cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligaments support the acromioclavicular joint?

    <p>Conoid and trapezoid ligaments (B), Anterior and posterior ligaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How far laterally does the medial spinal border of the scapula lie from the thoracic vertebrae?

    <p>5 to 6 cm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the coracohumeral ligament?

    <p>Support the arm and limit external rotation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is the only one that directly connects the upper extremity to the thorax?

    <p>Sternoclavicular joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the humerus moves in relation to the subdeltoid 'joint'?

    <p>The subdeltoid 'joint' allows surfaces to slide against each other (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii?

    <p>Supraglenoid tubercle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the interclavicular ligament connect?

    <p>The two clavicles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these capsular ligaments is responsible for limiting external rotation in the lower ranges of abduction?

    <p>Coraco-humeral ligament (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable characteristic of the glenoid cavity of the scapula?

    <p>Its margin is grooved anteroposteriorly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does the short head of the biceps perform in relation to the scapula?

    <p>Lifts the humerus relative to the scapula (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What comprises the structure of the subdeltoid 'joint'?

    <p>Two sliding surfaces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the costoclavicular ligaments play?

    <p>They connect the clavicle to the first ribs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the long head of the biceps during abduction?

    <p>It presses the humeral head against the glenoid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle connects the first to the ninth rib to the medial border of the scapula?

    <p>Serratus anterior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the upper trapezius muscle?

    <p>Elevation and upward rotation of the scapula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the strength of abduction after the rupture of the long head of the biceps?

    <p>There is a 20% drop in strength. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is described as performing downward rotation, adduction, and elevation of the scapula?

    <p>Rhomboid Major (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main actions of the Pectoralis Minor?

    <p>Depression and ventral tilt of the scapula. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle connects the cervical vertebrae to the medial border of the scapula?

    <p>Levator Scapulae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the insertion point of the Deltoid muscle?

    <p>Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limiting factor for active flexion at the elbow joint?

    <p>The apposition of anterior muscles of the arm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum angle that passive flexion can reach at the elbow joint?

    <p>160° (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which position do the radius and ulna lie parallel to each other?

    <p>In supination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joints are involved in the rotation (pronation-supination) of the forearm?

    <p>Superior radio-ulnar joint and inferior radio-ulnar joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the superior radio-ulnar joint classified as?

    <p>Trochoid joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of the superior radio-ulnar joint's ball-bearing system?

    <p>Head of the radius and fibro-osseous ring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is associated with the superior radio-ulnar joint?

    <p>Anular ligament (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the crossing of the radius over the ulna during pronation?

    <p>The articulation of the radius and ulna (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical structure separates the radial notch from the trochlear notch?

    <p>Bony ridge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does passive flexion have on the elbow compared to active flexion?

    <p>Enables a greater range of motion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Subacromial Space

    The space beneath the acromion, and important for shoulder health

    Scapulo-thoracic Joint

    A functional joint between the scapula and the thorax, not a true anatomical joint

    Subacromial Impingement

    A common shoulder problem caused by compression of structures in the subacromial space

    Rotator Cuff Tears

    A condition affecting tendons supporting the shoulder joint; often from impingement

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Scapulothoracic Joint Spaces

    The two defined areas within the scapulothoracic 'joint': the space between scapula and serratus muscle, and between thoracic wall and serratus muscle

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Gleno-humeral joint

    The ball-and-socket joint between the humerus and scapula's glenoid cavity.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Glenoid labrum

    Fibrocartilage ring that deepens the glenoid cavity, improving joint congruency.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Acromioclavicular joint

    Joint between the acromion process of the scapula and the clavicle.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Acromioclavicular ligaments

    Strong ligaments (conoid and trapezoid) that stabilize the acromioclavicular joint.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sternoclavicular joint

    Joint where the clavicle meets the sternum.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sterno-clavicular Joint

    Connects the upper extremity to the thorax (chest).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Subdeltoid 'joint'

    Not a true anatomical joint; instead, it's the interaction between the deltoid muscle and shoulder joint as movement occurs.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Clavicle

    Collarbone - a long bone connecting the sternum to the scapula.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Coraco-humeral ligament

    A ligament that connects the coracoid process of the scapula to the greater and lesser tuberosities of the humerus.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Glenohumeral ligaments

    Superior, middle and inferior ligaments that run within the shoulder joint capsule, connecting the glenoid and labrum to the humeral neck and lesser tuberosities.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Inferior glenohumeral ligament

    A key stabilizer of the abducted shoulder, forming a sling (hammock) around the head of the humerus.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Biceps tendon (long head)

    Arises from the supra-glenoid tubercle and superior glenoid labrum; passes through the shoulder joint capsule.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Biceps tendon (short head)

    Arises from the coracoid process and helps stabilize the humerus and prevent dislocation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Shoulder Joint Capsule

    The structure surrounding the shoulder joint that contains ligaments and other tissues.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Shoulder joint ligament support

    Coracohumeral, and glenohumeral ligaments work together providing stability and restricting movement.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Flexion of the shoulder

    The movement of the arm forward, bringing the upper limb closer to the body in a sagittal plane. The range of motion can reach up to 180 degrees.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Extension of the shoulder

    The backward movement of the arm in the sagittal plane. The range of motion is limited, generally reaching only about 45 to 50 degrees.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Adduction of the shoulder

    The movement of the arm towards the midline of the body, usually combined with either extension or flexion.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Abduction of the shoulder

    The movement of the arm away from the midline of the body, performed in a frontal plane around an antero-posterior axis. This involves movement at the shoulder joint and, depending on the degree of abduction, the scapulothoracic joint.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What is the role of the Latissimus Dorsi muscle?

    This large back muscle plays a major role in internal rotation, extension, and adduction of the shoulder joint. It works as a powerful pulling force, drawing the arm backwards and downwards.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Biceps Long Head Function

    The long head of the biceps muscle contributes to shoulder abduction by pulling the humeral head closer to the glenoid.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Biceps Rupture Effect

    A ruptured biceps long head results in a 20% decrease in shoulder abduction strength.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Serratus Anterior Function

    The serratus anterior muscle helps with scapular abduction (moving away from the spine) and upward rotation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Trapezius Muscles

    The trapezius muscle has three sections: upper, middle, and lower, each with different functions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Rhomboid Major and Minor Function

    Rhomboids help with scapular downward rotation, adduction (moving towards the spine), and elevation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Pectoralis Minor Function

    The pectoralis minor muscle helps with scapular depression (moving down) and tilting it forwards.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Levator Scapulae Function

    The levator scapulae muscle lifts the scapula up and rotates it downwards, also influencing neck movement.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Deltoid Muscle Function

    The deltoid muscle is responsible for abduction at the glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Active Flexion Limit

    The maximum degree of elbow flexion achievable with muscle effort is limited to 145° due to the anterior arm and forearm muscles contracting and preventing further bending.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Passive Flexion Limit

    The relaxed muscles allow the elbow to flex beyond 145°, reaching 160°. This is limited by bone contact (radius and ulna against fossa) and ligament tension.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Elbow Rotation

    The movement of the forearm about its longitudinal axis, involving both the superior radio-ulnar joint (SRU) and the inferior radio-ulnar joint (IRU).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Supination

    The forearm position where the radius and ulna are parallel, with the ulna on the medial side.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Pronation

    The forearm position where the radius and ulna cross, with the radius lateral to the ulna proximally and medial distally.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Superior Radio-Ulnar (SRU) Joint

    A trochoid joint with a cylindrical shape, allowing one movement: rotation about the axis of the two cylinders in contact.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    SRU Joint Components

    This joint consists of the head of the radius, with its cylindrical rim covered by cartilage, and a fibro-osseous ring formed by the radial notch and the anular ligament.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Head of Radius

    The cylindrical rim of the head of the radius is covered with cartilage and forms the proximal component of the SRU joint's 'ball-bearing' system.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Fibro-Osseous Ring

    The distal component of the SRU joint's 'ball-bearing' system, consisting of the radial notch of the ulna and the anular ligament.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Radial Notch

    The radial notch of the ulna is covered with cartilage, concave antero-posteriorly, and separated by a ridge from the trochlear notch.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Upper Limb Anatomy

    • The upper limb is the most mobile joint in the human body and has three degrees of freedom.
    • This allows for movement in three planes and three major axes.
    • Five articulations are present in the shoulder.
    • The scapulo-humeral joint is the most important of the five, and is a true ball-and-socket joint.
    • The head of the humerus is spherical and roughly 3-4 cm in radius.
    • The neck-shaft angle is 135 degrees.
    • The retrotorsion angle is 30 degrees.
    • The head of the humerus contains two articulating tuberosities, the lesser and greater tuberosities, which are attachment points for muscles.
    • The glenoid cavity of the scapula is shallow and faces superiorly, medially, and posteriorly.
    • The glenoid cavity has a rim of fibrocartilage (glenoid labrum) that widens and deepens it.
    • The acromioclavicular joint connects the acromion (of the scapula) to the acromial end of the clavicle.
    • Its motion is limited by ligaments (trapezoid and conoid).
    • The sterno-clavicular joint connects the sternal end of the clavicle to the sternum. It is a true joint, and has separated sides joined by ligaments.
    • The subdeltoid joint is not an anatomical joint; it's defined by the sliding surfaces of the rotator cuff tendon and the humeral head. It's mechanically tied to the shoulder due to movement correlation.
    • The subacromial space is a clinically-relevant area prone to impingement and rotator cuff tears. The subacromial bursa is also present.
    • The scapulothoracic joint is a physiological, not anatomical, joint essential for shoulder kinematics and pain.
    • Two spaces are present between the serratus muscle and scapula.
    • A second "space" exists between the scapula and thoracic wall, bordered by the intercostals and serratus anterior.
    • The scapula lies from the second to the seventh rib.
    • The superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments assist in support and limit range of motion.
    • The coracohumeral ligament supports the arm and limits rotation in the lower range of abduction.
    • The inferior glenohumeral ligament stabilizes the arm during abduction.
    • The biceps tendons originate at the supraglenoid tubercle and superior margin of the glenoid/labrum.
    • The long head of the biceps passes deep to the capsule, in the bicipital groove.
    • Short head rests on the coracoid process; it supports the humerus relative to the scapula.
    • Three muscle groups connect the upper limb to the trunk, neck and skull: muscles connecting the shoulder girdle to the trunk, neck and skull, muscles connecting the scapula to the humerus, and muscles connecting the trunk to the humerus.
    • Serratus anterior, trapezius, rhomboids, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor, are important additional muscles from trunk to shoulder girdle.
    • Deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis, teres major, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi are significant muscles from the shoulder girdle to the humerus.
    • The Elbow is the intermediate joint of the upper limb. It contains a mechanical link in between the upper arm and the forearm.
    • The elbow has a single joint cavity although it performs both flexion/extension and rotation (pronation/supination) functions.
    • The trochlea and capitellum are the articular surfaces of the elbow.
    • The trochlea is a pulley-shaped structure with two convex lips bounding a central groove.
    • The capitellum is a concavity corresponding to the trochlea, that helps in flexion/extension of the elbow.
    • The coronoid fossa and olecranon fossa are located above these surfaces, providing room for the ulna during flexion and extension.
    • The distal end of the humerus is flattened. The trochlear notch of the ulna has a 180 degree range of movement.
    • Two types of ligaments exist in the elbow - medial and lateral collateral ligaments.
    • Three primary elbow flexor muscles are brachialis, brachioradialis and biceps brachii.
    • Accessory flexor muscles include extensor carpi radialis, pronator teres.
    • Triceps brachii is an extensor of the elbow.
    • The three heads of the triceps converge onto a common tendon that gets inserted into the olecranon process.
    • The elbow can perform 145-160 of flexion, and 0-10 of extension.
    • Supination is the lateral rotation of the forearm which involves the superior and inferior radio-ulnar joints.
    • Pronation is the inward/medial rotation of the forearm.
    • The supinator muscle wraps around the radius.
    • The biceps, also a supinator muscle, inserts into the apex of the "supinator bend".
    • The pronator quadratus and pronator teres are pronation muscles, respectively wrapping around the distal ulna and the apex of the 'pronator bend' of the radius.
    • The range of true rotation of the forearm is about 180 degrees.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Description

    Test your knowledge about the anatomy and movements of the shoulder joint, particularly focusing on the glenohumeral joint and its associated structures. This quiz will challenge your understanding of shoulder biomechanics and related conditions. Perfect for students studying kinesiology or physical therapy.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser