Shoulder Anatomy and Movement Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What movement does the clavicular head primarily perform at the glenohumeral joint?

Abduction

Adduction

Extension

Flexion (correct)

In adduction, which additional movement must occur for it to reach 30° to 45°?

Extension (correct)

Rotation

Circumduction

Elevation

Which range of flexion is possible at the shoulder joint?

Up to 90°

Up to 45°

Up to 135°

Up to 180° (correct)

What is the movement range of abduction from 0° to 60° primarily associated with?

Shoulder joint movement Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the abduction movement is true after reaching the 90° position?

It requires the use of the scapulothoracic joint. Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure is primarily responsible for providing strength and stability to the shoulder area?

Humeral head Signup and view all the answers

Which joint is described as a physiological joint contributing to shoulder kinematics?

Scapulo-thoracic joint Signup and view all the answers

What are the boundaries of the space between the scapula and the serratus muscle?

Scapula and subscapularis muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is strongly related to the structures described in the content?

Rotator cuff tears Signup and view all the answers

What muscle is involved anteriorly and medially in the space between the thoracic wall and the serratus muscle?

Serratus anterior muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which structures correspond to the scapula's supero-medial angle?

First thoracic vertebra Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the inferior glenohumeral ligament?

Stabilize the shoulder in abduction Signup and view all the answers

Where does the coraco-humeral ligament attach?

Coracoid process to the greater and lesser tuberosities of the humerus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the glenoid labrum?

To deepen the glenoid cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which ligaments support the acromioclavicular joint?

Conoid and trapezoid ligaments Signup and view all the answers

How far laterally does the medial spinal border of the scapula lie from the thoracic vertebrae?

5 to 6 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the coracohumeral ligament?

Support the arm and limit external rotation Signup and view all the answers

Which joint is the only one that directly connects the upper extremity to the thorax?

Sternoclavicular joint Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the humerus moves in relation to the subdeltoid 'joint'?

The subdeltoid 'joint' allows surfaces to slide against each other Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii?

Supraglenoid tubercle Signup and view all the answers

What does the interclavicular ligament connect?

The two clavicles Signup and view all the answers

Which of these capsular ligaments is responsible for limiting external rotation in the lower ranges of abduction?

Coraco-humeral ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of the glenoid cavity of the scapula?

Its margin is grooved anteroposteriorly Signup and view all the answers

What action does the short head of the biceps perform in relation to the scapula?

Lifts the humerus relative to the scapula Signup and view all the answers

What comprises the structure of the subdeltoid 'joint'?

Two sliding surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What role do the costoclavicular ligaments play?

They connect the clavicle to the first ribs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the long head of the biceps during abduction?

It presses the humeral head against the glenoid. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle connects the first to the ninth rib to the medial border of the scapula?

Serratus anterior Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the upper trapezius muscle?

Elevation and upward rotation of the scapula Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the strength of abduction after the rupture of the long head of the biceps?

There is a 20% drop in strength. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is described as performing downward rotation, adduction, and elevation of the scapula?

Rhomboid Major Signup and view all the answers

What are the main actions of the Pectoralis Minor?

Depression and ventral tilt of the scapula. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle connects the cervical vertebrae to the medial border of the scapula?

Levator Scapulae Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion point of the Deltoid muscle?

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limiting factor for active flexion at the elbow joint?

The apposition of anterior muscles of the arm Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum angle that passive flexion can reach at the elbow joint?

160° Signup and view all the answers

In which position do the radius and ulna lie parallel to each other?

In supination Signup and view all the answers

Which joints are involved in the rotation (pronation-supination) of the forearm?

Superior radio-ulnar joint and inferior radio-ulnar joint Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the superior radio-ulnar joint classified as?

Trochoid joint Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the superior radio-ulnar joint's ball-bearing system?

Head of the radius and fibro-osseous ring Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is associated with the superior radio-ulnar joint?

Anular ligament Signup and view all the answers

What causes the crossing of the radius over the ulna during pronation?

The articulation of the radius and ulna Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure separates the radial notch from the trochlear notch?

Bony ridge Signup and view all the answers

What effect does passive flexion have on the elbow compared to active flexion?

Enables a greater range of motion Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Upper Limb Anatomy

The upper limb is the most mobile joint in the human body and has three degrees of freedom.
This allows for movement in three planes and three major axes.
Five articulations are present in the shoulder.
The scapulo-humeral joint is the most important of the five, and is a true ball-and-socket joint.
The head of the humerus is spherical and roughly 3-4 cm in radius.
The neck-shaft angle is 135 degrees.
The retrotorsion angle is 30 degrees.
The head of the humerus contains two articulating tuberosities, the lesser and greater tuberosities, which are attachment points for muscles.
The glenoid cavity of the scapula is shallow and faces superiorly, medially, and posteriorly.
The glenoid cavity has a rim of fibrocartilage (glenoid labrum) that widens and deepens it.
The acromioclavicular joint connects the acromion (of the scapula) to the acromial end of the clavicle.
Its motion is limited by ligaments (trapezoid and conoid).
The sterno-clavicular joint connects the sternal end of the clavicle to the sternum. It is a true joint, and has separated sides joined by ligaments.
The subdeltoid joint is not an anatomical joint; it's defined by the sliding surfaces of the rotator cuff tendon and the humeral head. It's mechanically tied to the shoulder due to movement correlation.
The subacromial space is a clinically-relevant area prone to impingement and rotator cuff tears. The subacromial bursa is also present.
The scapulothoracic joint is a physiological, not anatomical, joint essential for shoulder kinematics and pain.
Two spaces are present between the serratus muscle and scapula.
A second "space" exists between the scapula and thoracic wall, bordered by the intercostals and serratus anterior.
The scapula lies from the second to the seventh rib.
The superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments assist in support and limit range of motion.
The coracohumeral ligament supports the arm and limits rotation in the lower range of abduction.
The inferior glenohumeral ligament stabilizes the arm during abduction.
The biceps tendons originate at the supraglenoid tubercle and superior margin of the glenoid/labrum.
The long head of the biceps passes deep to the capsule, in the bicipital groove.
Short head rests on the coracoid process; it supports the humerus relative to the scapula.
Three muscle groups connect the upper limb to the trunk, neck and skull: muscles connecting the shoulder girdle to the trunk, neck and skull, muscles connecting the scapula to the humerus, and muscles connecting the trunk to the humerus.
Serratus anterior, trapezius, rhomboids, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor, are important additional muscles from trunk to shoulder girdle.
Deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis, teres major, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi are significant muscles from the shoulder girdle to the humerus.
The Elbow is the intermediate joint of the upper limb. It contains a mechanical link in between the upper arm and the forearm.
The elbow has a single joint cavity although it performs both flexion/extension and rotation (pronation/supination) functions.
The trochlea and capitellum are the articular surfaces of the elbow.
The trochlea is a pulley-shaped structure with two convex lips bounding a central groove.
The capitellum is a concavity corresponding to the trochlea, that helps in flexion/extension of the elbow.
The coronoid fossa and olecranon fossa are located above these surfaces, providing room for the ulna during flexion and extension.
The distal end of the humerus is flattened. The trochlear notch of the ulna has a 180 degree range of movement.
Two types of ligaments exist in the elbow - medial and lateral collateral ligaments.
Three primary elbow flexor muscles are brachialis, brachioradialis and biceps brachii.
Accessory flexor muscles include extensor carpi radialis, pronator teres.
Triceps brachii is an extensor of the elbow.
The three heads of the triceps converge onto a common tendon that gets inserted into the olecranon process.
The elbow can perform 145-160 of flexion, and 0-10 of extension.
Supination is the lateral rotation of the forearm which involves the superior and inferior radio-ulnar joints.
Pronation is the inward/medial rotation of the forearm.
The supinator muscle wraps around the radius.
The biceps, also a supinator muscle, inserts into the apex of the "supinator bend".
The pronator quadratus and pronator teres are pronation muscles, respectively wrapping around the distal ulna and the apex of the 'pronator bend' of the radius.
The range of true rotation of the forearm is about 180 degrees.

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Description

Test your knowledge about the anatomy and movements of the shoulder joint, particularly focusing on the glenohumeral joint and its associated structures. This quiz will challenge your understanding of shoulder biomechanics and related conditions. Perfect for students studying kinesiology or physical therapy.