Glenohumeral Joint Anatomy Quiz

Glenohumeral Joint Anatomy

• Structure

  • The glenohumeral joint is a ball-and-socket joint.
  • Formed by the articulation of the humeral head (ball) and the glenoid cavity of the scapula (socket).

• Surrounding Anatomy

  • Capsule: A fibrous joint capsule surrounds the joint, providing stability.
  • Labrum: The glenoid labrum is a fibrocartilaginous rim that deepens the socket, enhancing stability.

• Ligaments

  • Glenohumeral Ligaments: Three ligaments (superior, middle, inferior) that reinforce the joint capsule.
  • Coracohumeral Ligament: Connects the coracoid process of the scapula to the humerus, adds support.
  • Transverse Humeral Ligament: Spans over the bicipital groove, stabilizing the long head of the biceps tendon.

• Muscles

  • Rotator Cuff Muscles: Four muscles (subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor) stabilize and allow movement.
  • Deltoid Muscle: Major mover of the shoulder, responsible for shoulder abduction.

• Bursa

  • Subacromial Bursa: Reduces friction between the deltoid muscle and the rotator cuff tendons under the acromion process.
  • Subcoracoid Bursa: Located under the coracoid process, aids in reducing friction.

• Movement

  • Allows a wide range of motion: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, and circumduction.

• Nerve Supply

  • Innervated primarily by the axillary nerve and suprascapular nerve.

• Blood Supply

  • Supplied by branches of the subclavian artery, brachial artery, and posterior humeral circumflex artery.

Glenohumeral Joint Anatomy

• The glenohumeral joint is a ball-and-socket joint formed by the articulation of the humeral head (ball) and the glenoid cavity of the scapula (socket).
• The joint capsule, surrounding the joint, provides stability.
• The glenoid labrum, a fibrocartilaginous rim, deepens the socket and enhances stability.
• Glenohumeral Ligaments (superior, middle, inferior) reinforce the joint capsule.
• The Coracohumeral Ligament connects the coracoid process of the scapula to the humerus, adding support.
• The Transverse Humeral Ligament spans over the bicipital groove, stabilizing the long head of the biceps tendon.
• The Rotator Cuff Muscles (subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor) stabilize and allow movement.
• The Deltoid Muscle is responsible for shoulder abduction.
• The Subacromial Bursa and Subcoracoid Bursa reduce friction in the shoulder.
• The glenohumeral joint allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation, and circumduction.
• The axillary nerve and suprascapular nerve innervate the joint.
• The subclavian artery, brachial artery, and posterior humeral circumflex artery supply blood to the joint.