Upper Limb Bones: Scapula Anatomy
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Questions and Answers

Which muscle attaches to the lateral lip of the bicipital groove?

  • Coracobrachialis
  • Teres Major
  • Pectoralis Major (correct)
  • Biceps Brachii

    • What structure lies in the spiral groove of the humerus?

  • Ulnar nerve
  • Profunda brachii artery (correct)
  • Brachial artery
  • Median nerve

    • Which of the following muscles does NOT attach to the humerus?

  • Trapezius (correct)
  • Infraspinatus
  • Deltoid
  • Biceps Brachii

    • Which joint comprises both the humeroradial and humeroulnar joints?

    <p>Elbow Joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main artery that provides vascular supply to the arm?

    <p>Brachial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the subscapular fossa?

    <p>Attachment for the subscapularis muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms the highest point of the shoulder?

    <p>Acromion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the deltoid muscle?

    <p>Axillary nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is formed between the glenoid cavity and the head of the humerus?

    <p>Glenohumeral joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is located immediately superior to the glenoid fossa?

    <p>Supraglenoid tubercle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is part of the neurovascular supply of the scapula?

    <p>Circumflex scapular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical implication of a scapular fracture?

    <p>Typically occurs from high-energy trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which depression on the posterior surface of the scapula serves for muscle attachment below the spine?

    <p>Infraspinous fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerve injury results in a winged scapula?

    <p>long thoracic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum?

    <p>medial end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of the clavicle?

    <p>to protect the underlying neurovascular structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of fractures occur in the middle third of the clavicle?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles attach to the clavicle?

    <p>pectoralis major and trapezius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is affected by damage to the axillary nerve?

    <p>Deltoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site commonly associated with humeral fractures due to direct blows?

    <p>Surgical neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acromial (lateral) end of the clavicle responsible for?

    <p>articulating with the acromion of the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is NOT a part of the neurological supply for the clavicle?

    <p>carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle provides attachment to the lesser tuberosity of the humerus?

    <p>Subscapularis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common injury is associated with the clavicle?

    <p>clavicle fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature separates the greater and lesser tuberosities?

    <p>Intertubercular sulcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the radial (spiral) groove of the humerus?

    <p>It is a shallow depression on the posterior surface of the humerus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is associated with the clavicle and supports the weight of the upper limb?

    <p>trapezoid ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the joint formed between the clavicle and the acromion called?

    <p>acromioclavicular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is at risk when a fracture occurs in the surgical neck of the humerus?

    <p>Axillary nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the costoclavicular ligament play?

    <p>connects the clavicle to the first rib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the clavicle after a fracture?

    <p>Displaced inferiorly and medially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mnemonic helps to remember the insertion of muscles in relation to the intertubercular sulcus?

    <p>A lady between two majors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of management is typically used for a clavicular fracture?

    <p>Conservative and operative management can both be used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Upper Limb Bones

    • The scapula, also known as the shoulder blade, is a flat, triangular bone.
    • It's located on the posterior aspect of the thorax, extending from the second to the seventh rib.

    Scapula - Anterior (Costal) Surface

    • The scapula has anterior, lateral, and posterior surfaces.
    • Subscapular Fossa: A large, concave depression for the subscapularis muscle attachment.
    • Coracoid Process: A beak-like projection that provides attachment for the pectoralis minor, short head of the biceps brachii, and coracobrachialis muscles.

    Scapula - Posterior Surface

    • Spine of the Scapula: A prominent ridge dividing the posterior surface into the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae.
    • Supraspinous Fossa: A shallow depression for the supraspinatus muscle attachment.
    • Infraspinous Fossa: A larger depression for the infraspinatus muscle attachment.
    • Acromion: An extension of the spine, forming the highest point of the shoulder, providing attachment for the deltoid and trapezius muscles.

    Scapula - Lateral Surface

    • Glenoid fossa: A shallow socket that articulates with the head of the humerus to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint.
    • Supraglenoid tubercle: A roughening immediately superior to the glenoid fossa. Attachment site for the long head of the biceps brachii muscle.
    • Infraglenoid tubercle: A roughening immediately inferior to the glenoid fossa. Attachment site for the long head of the triceps brachii muscle.

    Scapula - Medial Border

    • Attachment Sites: Rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, and serratus anterior muscles.

    Scapula - Joints

    • Glenohumeral Joint: Articulation between the glenoid cavity and the head of the humerus.
    • Acromioclavicular Joint: Articulation between the acromion of the scapula and the clavicle.
    • Scapulothoracic Joint: Functional joint between the anterior surface of the scapula and the posterior thoracic wall.

    Scapula - Neurovascular Supply

    • Arteries: Suprascapular artery, circumflex scapular artery, dorsal scapular artery.
    • Nerves: Suprascapular nerve, dorsal scapular nerve, axillary nerve (to the deltoid and teres minor).

    Scapula - Clinical Considerations

    • Scapular Fracture: Typically occurs from high-energy trauma. May involve the body, neck, or glenoid.
    • Winged Scapula: Caused by injury to the long thoracic nerve, affecting the serratus anterior muscle.

    Clavicle (Collarbone)

    • Location: An S-shaped long bone located horizontally across the front of the thorax, above the first rib, extending from the sternum to the scapula.
    • Main functions: Attaches the upper limb to the trunk; protects underlying neurovascular structures supplying the upper limb; transmits force from the upper limb to the axial skeleton.
    • Sternal (medial) End: Contains a large facet for articulation with the manubrium of the sternum at the manubriosternal joint; inferior surface has a rough oval depression for the costoclavicular ligament.
    • Shaft: Acts as a point of origin and attachment for several muscles (deltoid, trapezius, subclavius, pectoralis major, sternocleidomastoid, and sternohyoid).
    • Acromial (lateral) End: Houses a small facet for articulation with the acromion of the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint; attachment point for the coracoclavicular ligament (conoid and trapezoid parts).

    Clavicle - Muscles Attached

    • Pectoralis Major
    • Deltoid
    • Trapezius
    • Sternocleidomastoid
    • Subclavius

    Clavicle - Joints

    • Sternoclavicular Joint: Articulation between the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum.
    • Acromioclavicular Joint: Articulation between the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula.

    Clavicle - Neurovascular Supply

    • Arteries: Clavicular branch of the thoracoacromial artery, suprascapular artery.
    • Nerves: Supraclavicular nerves (supply the skin over the clavicle), nerve to the subclavius.

    Clavicle - Clinical Considerations

    • Clavicle Fracture: Results from a fall on the shoulder or outstretched hand.
    • Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation: Often due to a direct blow to the shoulder. (Fractures occur more often in the middle third, and 80% are in the middle third)
    • Management of a clavicular fracture can be conservative (e.g., sling immobilization) or operative (e.g., open reduction and internal fixation).

    Humerus

    • Long bone of the upper arm, extending from the shoulder to the elbow.
    • Proximal Landmarks: Head, anatomical and surgical neck, greater and lesser tuberosities, and intertubercular sulcus.
      • The greater tuberosity is located laterally; it is an attachment site for supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor.
      • The lesser tuberosity faces medially; an attachment site for subscapularis.
    • Shaft: Site of various muscle attachments; the radial (or spiral) groove is a shallow depression that runs diagonally down the posterior surface of the humerus, parallel to the deltoid tuberosity; the radial nerve and profunda brachii artery lie in the groove.
    • Distal end: Lateral and medial supraepicondylar ridges; lateral and medial epicondyles;ulnar nerve passes posterior groove; trochlea; capitulum; coronoid, radial, and olecranon fossae.

    Humerus - Muscles Attached

    • Rotator Cuff Muscles (Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis).
    • Deltoid
    • Pectoralis Major
    • Latissimus Dorsi
    • Teres Major
    • Biceps Brachii
    • Triceps Brachii
    • Brachialis
    • Coracobrachialis

    Humerus - Joints

    • Glenohumeral Joint: Articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula.
    • Elbow Joint: Articulation between the distal humerus and the radius and ulna (humeroradial and humeroulnar joints).

    Humerus - Neurovascular Supply

    • Arteries: Brachial artery, profunda brachii artery.
    • Nerves: Axillary nerve, radial nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, ulnar nerve, median nerve.

    Humerus - Clinical Considerations

    • Humeral Fracture: Can occur at the proximal, shaft, or distal end; mid-shaft fractures may injure the radial nerve.
    • Shoulder Dislocation: Displacement of the humeral head from the glenoid cavity (often anteriorly).
    • Impingement Syndrome: Compression of the rotator cuff tendons or the subacromial bursa (often involving the supraspinatus tendon).

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    Upper Limb Bones PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the scapula, including its surfaces and key features such as the subscapular fossa and acromion. This quiz covers essential details about the scapula's role in muscle attachment and its position in the upper limb. Perfect for students of anatomy or anyone interested in human biology.

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