Upper Limb Bones Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which digit is described as the third digit?

  • Thumb
  • Middle finger (correct)
  • Small finger
  • Index finger

How many phalanges are found in a single thumb?

  • Four
  • Three
  • Five
  • Two (correct)

Which metacarpal is associated with the fourth digit?

  • First metacarpal
  • Second metacarpal
  • Thumb metacarpal
  • Fourth metacarpal (correct)

What is a common location for fractures in the metacarpals?

<p>Neck of the metacarpal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many metacarpals are found in the human hand?

<p>Five (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the first metacarpal from the others?

<p>It has two small sesamoid bones on its palmar aspect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding phalanges is correct?

<p>Each phalanx has a head, body, and base (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The proximal phalanges are located where in relation to the palm?

<p>Closest to the palm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What separates the head of the ulna from the wrist joint?

<p>styloid process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following carpals is located in the proximal row and articulates with the radius?

<p>Scaphoid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During pronation, which bone crosses over the ulna?

<p>Radius (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carpal bone is the largest and is located at the center of the wrist?

<p>Capitate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is formed by the radial head and radial notch of the ulna?

<p>Proximal radioulnar joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carpal bone is characterized as pyramidal and articulates with the hamate?

<p>Triquetrum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is true about the distal radioulnar joint?

<p>It allows for slight movements between the distal ends of the radius and ulna. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is considered the smallest carpal bone?

<p>Trapezoid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the glenohumeral joint?

<p>To allow circular movement of the arm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is situated below the head of the humerus?

<p>Surgical neck (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the elbow joint is correct?

<p>The trochlea of the humerus articulates with the ulna. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is located on the lateral side of the forearm?

<p>Radius (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the intertubercular groove of the humerus?

<p>To provide a site for muscle attachment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What connects the radius to the ulna at the distal end?

<p>Distal radioulnar joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carpal bones are involved in forming the wrist joint?

<p>All eight carpal bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the lesser tubercle located on the humerus?

<p>On the medial side, on the anterior surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The radial head articulates with which part of the humerus?

<p>Capitellum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of limb structure, how many bones are present in each upper limb?

<p>30 bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the humeral condyle?

<p>It is the distal end of the humerus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the olecranon process of the ulna?

<p>It fits into the olecranon fossa during elbow extension. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint allows for rotation of the radius around the ulna?

<p>Distal radioulnar joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of wrist anatomy, how many carpal bones are there?

<p>8 carpal bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Metacarpals

Five cylindrical bones forming the palm of the hand.

Metacarpal Structure

Each metacarpal has a body and two articular ends (base and head).

First Metacarpal

Contains two sesamoid bones below its neck.

Sesamoid Bones

Small bones found near joints, often in the hands and feet.

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Finger Phalanges

14 long bones in the fingers (three in each finger except the thumb).

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Phalanx Structure

Each phalanx has a head, body, and base.

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Thumb Phalanges

The thumb has two phalanges (proximal and distal).

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Digit Numbering

Fingers are numbered 1-5, starting from the lateral side of the hand.

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Shoulder Girdle Bones

The bones that connect the upper limb to the torso. Specifically, the clavicle and scapula.

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Glenohumeral Joint

The ball-and-socket joint where the humerus connects to the scapula.

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Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint

The joint where the acromion process of the scapula connects to the clavicle.

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Sternoclavicular Joint

The joint connecting the clavicle to the sternum.

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Humerus

The single bone in the upper arm.

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Radius

One of the two bones in the forearm, located on the thumb side.

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Ulna

One of the two bones in the forearm, located on the pinky side.

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Carpal Bones

The eight small bones that form the wrist.

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Metacarpal Bones

The five bones that form the palm of the hand.

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Phalanges

The bones that form the fingers and thumb.

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Proximal Humerus

The upper end of the humerus, containing the head and tubercles.

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Distal Humerus

The lower end of the humerus, containing the condyle and fossae.

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Elbow Joint

The joint where the humerus connects to the radius and ulna.

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Shoulder Joint

The joint formed by the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula.

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Proximal Radioulnar Joint

Joint formed by the radial head and radial notch of the ulna. Allows pronation and supination.

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Distal Radioulnar Joint

Joint formed by the distal end of radius and ulna (slight movements).

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Carpals

Small bones in the wrist. Form two rows.

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Proximal Row of Carpals

The closer row of wrist bones to the forearm.

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Distal Row of Carpals

The farther row of wrist bones from the forearm.

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Study Notes

Upper Limb Bones

  • The upper limbs are divided into shoulder girdle, arm, forearm, and hand
  • Each upper limb has 30 bones.

Shoulder Girdle

  • Composed of the scapula and clavicle.
  • The scapula is a flat bone with various processes and fossae (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, glenoid, subscapular fossae, acromion, and coracoid process).
  • The clavicle is a long bone with an acromial and sternal end.

Shoulder Joint (Glenohumeral Joint)

  • The glenohumeral joint is a ball-and-socket joint, allowing circular and movement of the arm away from and towards the body.
  • The glenoid fossa of the scapula articulates with the head of the humerus.
  • The acromioclavicular joint connects the lateral end of the clavicle to the acromion process.
  • Fracture of the clavicle leads to shoulder drop.

Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint

  • Articulation between the lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion process

Sternoclavicular Joint

  • Connection between the clavicle and the sternum.
  • An articular disk is present.

Surface Anatomy of the Shoulder

  • Identifying anatomical structures like the acromioclavicular joint, glenohumeral joint, coracoid process, and suprasternal notch.

Upper Limbs

  • Humerus bone is within the arm.
  • Ulna and radius are in the forearm.
  • 8 Carpal bones are in the wrist.
  • 5 Metacarpal bones are in the palm.
  • 14 Phalanges in the fingers (and thumb).
  • 30 individual bones in total.

Humerus

  • Proximal end has the anatomical neck, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, intertubercular groove, and surgical neck.
  • The surgical neck is the site of frequent fractures.
  • Distal end has the trochlea, capitulum, medial and lateral epicondyles.

Proximal Humerus

  • The head is large, smooth, and rounded and is located just below the head.
  • The lesser tubercle is located on the anterior surface just below the anatomic neck.
  • The greater tubercle is located on the lateral surface just below the anatomic neck.
  • The constricted area below the tubercles is called the surgical neck.

Distal Humerus

  • The distal end of the humerus is called the humeral condyle.
  • The trochlea and capitellum, which articulate with the bones of the forearm, are part of the humeral condyle.
  • Processes and depressions are present on the distal humerus.
  • Anatomical fossas, such as the coronoid and olecranon fossae, are important aspects of the distal humerus.

Elbow

  • Contains the trochlea and capitulum (humerus), trochlear notch and coronoid process (ulna), and head of the radius.

Forearm

  • Consists of the radius and ulna and located lateral and medial, respectively.

Radius and Ulna

  • The radius is found on the thumb side of the forearm.
  • The ulna is located on the pinky finger side of the forearm.
  • They have a body (shaft) and two articular ends (proximal and distal).

Distal Radius and Ulna

  • The distal end of the radius and ulna are characterized by presence of specific notches.

Hand

  • Contains carpals (wrist), metacarpals (palm), and phalanges (fingers and thumb).
  • The hand has 27 bones in total.

Wrist

  • The wrist has 8 carpal bones with two rows:
  • Proximal row: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform.
  • Distal row: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.

Carpal Bones

  • Named according to shape and location (proximal and/or distal).
  • Mnemonic devices can be used for remembering the carpal bones.

Metacarpal Bones

  • The metacarpals are numbered 1 to 5 from lateral to medial side of the hand.
  • Consist of a body and two articular ends (base and head).
  • Fractures common at the metacarpal neck.
  • Often associated with sesamoid bones.

Sesamoid Bones

  • Found in the hand in association with the metacarpals.

Fingers and Thumb (Digits)

  • 14 bones on the digits (the thumb has 2 phalanges, each remaining finger has 3)
  • The bones are arranged in proximal, intermediate, and distal directions.

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Upper Limb Anatomy PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the upper limb bones, including the shoulder girdle, arm, forearm, and hand. This quiz covers important details about the scapula, clavicle, and various joints such as the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints.

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