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Questions and Answers
A 17-year-old basketball player falls on their shoulder during a game. Examination reveals significant pain and a visibly 'fallen' upper limb. Radiological tests confirm a clavicle fracture. Based on the case, which of the following is the most likely mechanism contributing to the 'fallen' upper limb?
A 17-year-old basketball player falls on their shoulder during a game. Examination reveals significant pain and a visibly 'fallen' upper limb. Radiological tests confirm a clavicle fracture. Based on the case, which of the following is the most likely mechanism contributing to the 'fallen' upper limb?
- Fracture lateral to the coracoclavicular ligament, disrupting support.
- Fracture medial to the coracoclavicular ligament, disrupting support. (correct)
- Dislocation of the glenohumeral joint causing instability.
- Fracture of the humerus affecting muscle attachments.
The sternoclavicular joint connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton. What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
The sternoclavicular joint connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton. What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
- Synovial plane
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial saddle (correct)
Which bony feature is located on the anterior surface of the scapula?
Which bony feature is located on the anterior surface of the scapula?
- Subscapular fossa (correct)
- Acromion process
- Spine of the scapula
- Infraspinous fossa
Which end of the clavicle articulates with the sternum?
Which end of the clavicle articulates with the sternum?
The coracoclavicular ligament plays a crucial role in shoulder stability. Which two parts are identified as contributing to the coracoclavicular ligament?
The coracoclavicular ligament plays a crucial role in shoulder stability. Which two parts are identified as contributing to the coracoclavicular ligament?
Considering the anatomy of the clavicle, which statement accurately describes its curvature?
Considering the anatomy of the clavicle, which statement accurately describes its curvature?
The shoulder joint allows for a wide range of movements. Which of the following movements are possible at the shoulder joint?
The shoulder joint allows for a wide range of movements. Which of the following movements are possible at the shoulder joint?
A patient presents with a fracture of the midshaft of the humerus. Which anatomical landmark is most susceptible to injury?
A patient presents with a fracture of the midshaft of the humerus. Which anatomical landmark is most susceptible to injury?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the primary function of the coracoclavicular ligament in relation to the shoulder girdle?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the primary function of the coracoclavicular ligament in relation to the shoulder girdle?
The case study describes 'generalized pain during shoulder motion' following a clavicle fracture. Why would a clavicle fracture cause pain with shoulder movement?
The case study describes 'generalized pain during shoulder motion' following a clavicle fracture. Why would a clavicle fracture cause pain with shoulder movement?
How would you classify the clavicle based on its bone structure, considering its shape and the presence or absence of certain anatomical features?
How would you classify the clavicle based on its bone structure, considering its shape and the presence or absence of certain anatomical features?
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint, which contributes to movements of the shoulder girdle?
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint, which contributes to movements of the shoulder girdle?
Where does the coracoclavicular ligament attach on the clavicle?
Where does the coracoclavicular ligament attach on the clavicle?
A baseball player is experiencing shoulder pain that is diagnosed as acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation. Which ligament is most likely to be injured in this condition?
A baseball player is experiencing shoulder pain that is diagnosed as acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation. Which ligament is most likely to be injured in this condition?
Which of the following functions is facilitated by the movement of the shoulder girdle, such as during protraction or retraction?
Which of the following functions is facilitated by the movement of the shoulder girdle, such as during protraction or retraction?
Flashcards
Shoulder Region Bony Components
Shoulder Region Bony Components
The bony components of the shoulder region, including the clavicle, scapula, and humerus.
Adduction
Adduction
Movement towards the midline of the body.
Abduction
Abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body.
Clavicle Fracture Site
Clavicle Fracture Site
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Clavicle Bone Type
Clavicle Bone Type
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Coracoclavicular ligament
Coracoclavicular ligament
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Shoulder Joint Articulation
Shoulder Joint Articulation
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Sternoclavicular joint movements
Sternoclavicular joint movements
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Protraction
Protraction
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Retraction
Retraction
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Study Notes
- The shoulder region includes the clavicle, scapula, and humerus.
- Primary muscles are responsible for shoulder motion: adduction, abduction, flexion, and extension.
Case Scenario
- A 17-year-old boy fell onto the lateral aspect of his left shoulder during a basketball game.
- He complained of generalized pain during shoulder motion.
- The doctor noticed a falling of the upper limb during a physical examination.
- Radiological findings confirm a fractured clavicle diagnosis.
Bones of the Upper Limb
- The upper limb includes bones in the shoulder (pectoral) girdle, arm, forearm, wrist and hand.
- Shoulder (Pectoral) Girdle:
- Clavicle
- Scapula
- Arm: Humerus
- Forearm:
- Radius (lateral)
- Ulna (medial)
- Wrist: Carpal bones
- Hand:
- Metacarpals (5)
- Phalanges (14)
Clavicle
- It is considered a long bone.
- It has no medullary (bone marrow) cavity.
- Superior Surface:
- Lateral 1/3 is concave forward.
- Medial 2/3 is convex forward.
- Lateral end connects to the acromio-clavicular joint.
- Sternal end connects to the sternoclavicular joint.
Scapula (anterior)
- Features include the acromion process, coracoid process, upper border, subscapular fossa.
Scapula (posterior)
- Features include suprascapular notch, coracoid process, acromion process, spine, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa.
Joints of Shoulder Girdle
- Acromioclavicular joint: synovial plane type.
- Sternoclavicular joint: synovial saddle type.
Sternoclavicular Joint
- Type: synovial saddle.
- Ligaments: Costoclavicular ligament located between the 1st costal cartilage and the medial end of the clavicle.
Acromioclavicular Joint
- Type: synovial plane.
- Ligaments: Coracoclavicular ligament (between coracoid process and lateral end of clavicle.)
- Conoid part attached to the conoid tubercle
- Trapezoid part attached to the trapezoid ridge
- Coracoclavicular ligament transmits the weight of the upper limb to the clavicle and then to the axial skeleton.
Fracture Clavicle
- The most common site for clavicle fracture is the middle 1/3.
- Fracture Medial to the coracoclavicular ligament led to falling of the upper limb.
Shoulder Girdle Movements
- Movements include elevation, depression, retraction, protraction, upward rotation, and downward rotation.
Humerus (upper end)
- The features are greater tuberosity, anatomical neck, surgical neck, lesser tuberosity and deltoid tuberosity.
Shoulder Joint
- Articulating bones:
- Head of humerus
- Glenoid cavity of the scapula
- Type: synovial ball & socket.
Shoulder Joint Movements
- Movements possible include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, medial rotation, and lateral rotation.
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