55 Questions
Diaphragmatic paralysis can occur due to spinal cord injuries at or above the level of the fifth cervical vertebrae.
False
Accessory muscles of inspiration are active during normal breathing.
False
The rectus abdomini muscle is an accessory muscle of inspiration.
False
Abdominal distention with fluid can affect diaphragm function.
True
The trapezius muscle is not involved in ventilation.
False
Diaphragmatic paralysis results in loss of partial nervous control of respiratory muscles.
False
The external intercostal muscle is an accessory muscle of expiration.
False
Abdominal wall muscle tensioning can affect diaphragm function.
True
The internal abdominis obliques muscle is not involved in ventilation.
False
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is not involved in ventilation.
False
The primary function of the respiratory system is to absorb CO2 and excrete O2.
False
The upper airways include the trachea and lower airways.
False
The nasal cavity contains olfactory cells providing sense of hearing.
False
The function of sinuses is to produce mucus.
False
The pharynx is part of the lower respiratory tract.
False
The trachea extends to the level of the 10th thoracic vertebrae.
False
The right bronchus branches at a 40-60 degree angle.
False
The trachea is supported by 10-15 C-shaped cartilage.
False
The lobar bronchi are the third generation of bronchi.
False
The bronchi continue to branch until they reach a diameter of about 5-mm.
False
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Absorption of O2 and excretion of CO2
Which of the following is NOT a function of the upper airways?
Gas exchange
What is the primary function of the concha or turbinates in the nasal cavity?
Increasing surface area for filtering, warming, and humidifying inhaled gases
Which of the following is a function of the sinuses?
Reducing weight of the head
What is the passageway for gas flow in the respiratory system?
Conducting airways
What is the primary function of the palatine tonsils?
Filtering air and food particles
Which part of the pharynx extends from the uvula to the tip of the epiglottis?
Oropharynx
What is the purpose of the adenoids in the nasopharynx?
Filtering air particles
What is the name of the space between the vocal cords?
Glottis
What is the anatomic location where the respiratory and digestive tracts divide?
Laryngopharynx
What is the primary function of Type II alveolar cells?
Primary source of surfactant
What is the composition of the interstitium?
A gel-like substance held together by a web-like network of collagen fibers
What percentage of the alveolar surface is composed of Type I alveolar cells?
95%
What is the function of the pores of Kohn?
To permit gas to move between alveoli
What type of cells are responsible for removing bacteria and foreign particles from the acini?
Alveolar macrophages
What is the primary purpose of the conducting airways in the lower respiratory tract?
To convey gas from the upper respiratory tract to the area of gas exchange
What is the name of the inner layer of the airway wall that forms a mucous membrane?
Mucosa
Which of the following is a characteristic of the epithelial cells in the conducting airways?
Pseudostratified, ciliated, and goblet cells
What is the term for the relative positions of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx in an unconscious patient?
Partial or total occlusion
What is the name of the outer layer of the airway wall that is composed of connective tissue?
Adventitia
What is the primary function of the intrapleural space?
To minimize friction during movement
What is the significance of the sternal angle?
It marks the division of the trachea into mainstem bronchi
What is the primary action of rib pairs 2-7 during inspiration?
Increase anteroposterior (AP) diameter and lateral space
What is the percentage of work performed by the diaphragm during resting breathing?
75%
What is the origin of the phrenic nerves that innervate the diaphragm?
C3-C5
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in relation to the lungs?
To clear fluid from the interstitial and pleural spaces to help maintain fluid balance in the lungs
Which part of the nervous system regulates involuntary vital functions of the lungs?
Sympathetic nervous system
What is the name of the membranes that line the thorax and envelop the lungs?
Pleura
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3
What is the main component of the thoracic wall?
Skin, fat, skeletal muscles, and bony structures
What is the function of the mediastinum?
To contain organs and tissues in the center of the thoracic cage
What is the name of the fissure that separates the upper and middle lobes of the right lung?
Transverse fissure
What is the primary function of the thymus gland in relation to the immune system?
To provide defense against foreign material and cells that penetrate deep into the lung
What is the main characteristic of the lungs that allows them to expand and recoil?
All of the above
What is the significance of the apices of the lungs extending 1 to 2 cm above the clavicles?
It is a normal anatomical variation
Test your knowledge of the upper airway anatomy, including the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and lower respiratory tract. Learn about the importance of patent airways and how to maintain them, particularly in unconscious patients.
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