Unveiling the Mysteries of Mycobacterium bovis

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What is the specificity of the skin testing (SICCT) for TB?

96.5%
90%
98%
99.98% (correct)

What is the sensitivity of the skin testing (SICCT) for TB?

90%
50-80% (correct)
96.5%
65%

What is the specificity of the INF gamma tests for TB?

96.5% (correct)
99.98%
90%
98%

What is the sensitivity of the INF gamma testing for TB?

90% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the specificity of the antibody test for TB testing?

98% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the sensitivity of the antibody test for TB testing?

65% (C) Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of skin test reactors have no visible lesions at post-mortem inspection?

60% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the protective effect of the BCG vaccine in cattle?

It has a protective effect (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of wildlife proofing in biosecurity?

Prevent infection via wildlife route (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection primarily affects cattle and is also zoonotic?

Mycobacterium bovis (M.bovis) (D) Signup and view all the answers

When did the prevalence of M.bovis infection in the national cattle herd start to increase?

In the 1980s (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the average cost of a herd TB breakdown estimated to be?

£30,000 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the strategy to eradicate bovine tuberculosis (bTB) over a 25-year period?

The Eradication Strategy (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many management zones are there in the bovine tuberculosis (bTB) eradication strategy?

3 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe testing in the area around a herd that has had a bovine tuberculosis (bTB) breakdown?

Contiguous testing (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the biosecurity measures recommended to prevent bovine tuberculosis (bTB) transmission?

Risk-based trading (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of TB in people?

Other strains of mycobacteria, not M.bovis Signup and view all the answers

How many cattle were culled last year due to bTB?

Around 30,000 Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated cost of a herd TB breakdown?

£34,000 Signup and view all the answers

How much of the cost of a herd TB breakdown is borne by the government?

£20,000 Signup and view all the answers

How much of the cost of a herd TB breakdown is borne by the farmer?

£14,000 Signup and view all the answers

How much is estimated to have cost the tax payer in the last 10 years due to bTB?

£500 million Signup and view all the answers

When did the prevalence of M.bovis infection in the national cattle herd start to increase?

Mid 80s Signup and view all the answers

What are some strategies that were focused on in the 2018 review of financial penalties for overdue tests?

<ul> <li>Focus on biosecurity and increased industry ownership</li> <li>Strategies to increase test sensitivity</li> <li>Research into cattle vaccines and tests (DIVA/bulk milk tests)</li> <li>Genetic resistance in cattle</li> <li>Risk based trading – microchips/mandatory post movement testing/reduction in compensation paid to farmers</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What are some strategies that were focused on in the 2020 response to financial penalties for overdue tests?

<ul> <li>Increase test sensitivity/movement restrictions</li> <li>Accelerate work on bTB cattle vaccine</li> <li>Phase out intensive badger culling and increase vaccination</li> <li>Incentivizing uptake on effective biosecurity</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process for skin testing (SICCT)?

<ul> <li>2 injections (avian and bovine tuberculin)</li> <li>Clear, inconclusive, reactor</li> <li>Standard/severe interpretation</li> <li>Specificity = 99.98%</li> <li>Sensitivity = 50-80%</li> <li>Far more likely to get false negatives than false positives</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process for blood testing?

<ul> <li>IFN gamma testing used in addition to skin testing in some breakdown herds</li> <li>Specificity = 96.5%</li> <li>Sensitivity = 90%</li> <li>More likely to get false positives than false negatives</li> <li>Antibody test occasionally used as a third line test</li> <li>Specificity = 98%</li> <li>Sensitivity = 65%</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of post-mortem inspection?

<ul> <li>All cattle are inspected, but reactors/cattle from restricted herds have more detailed inspection</li> <li>Approx. 60% of skin test reactors have no visible lesions at PM – due to insensitivity of this as a diagnostic technique</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What are the challenges related to testing for bovine tuberculosis (bTB)?

<ul> <li>Frequency and sensitivity</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What are the challenges related to vaccinating badgers for bovine tuberculosis (bTB)?

<ul> <li>Badgers and cattle</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What are some biosecurity measures recommended to prevent bovine tuberculosis (bTB) transmission?

<ul> <li>Cattle movements</li> <li>Risk based trading</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Unveiling the Mysteries of Mycobacterium bovis

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Questions and Answers

What is the specificity of the skin testing (SICCT) for TB?

What is the sensitivity of the skin testing (SICCT) for TB?

What is the specificity of the INF gamma tests for TB?

What is the sensitivity of the INF gamma testing for TB?

What is the specificity of the antibody test for TB testing?

What is the sensitivity of the antibody test for TB testing?

Approximately what percentage of skin test reactors have no visible lesions at post-mortem inspection?

What is the protective effect of the BCG vaccine in cattle?

What is the purpose of wildlife proofing in biosecurity?

Which bacterial infection primarily affects cattle and is also zoonotic?

When did the prevalence of M.bovis infection in the national cattle herd start to increase?

What is the average cost of a herd TB breakdown estimated to be?

What is the term used to describe the strategy to eradicate bovine tuberculosis (bTB) over a 25-year period?

How many management zones are there in the bovine tuberculosis (bTB) eradication strategy?

What is the term used to describe testing in the area around a herd that has had a bovine tuberculosis (bTB) breakdown?

What is one of the biosecurity measures recommended to prevent bovine tuberculosis (bTB) transmission?

What is the primary cause of TB in people?

How many cattle were culled last year due to bTB?

What is the estimated cost of a herd TB breakdown?

How much of the cost of a herd TB breakdown is borne by the government?

How much of the cost of a herd TB breakdown is borne by the farmer?

How much is estimated to have cost the tax payer in the last 10 years due to bTB?

When did the prevalence of M.bovis infection in the national cattle herd start to increase?

What are some strategies that were focused on in the 2018 review of financial penalties for overdue tests?

What are some strategies that were focused on in the 2020 response to financial penalties for overdue tests?

What is the process for skin testing (SICCT)?

What is the process for blood testing?

What is the purpose of post-mortem inspection?

What are the challenges related to testing for bovine tuberculosis (bTB)?

What are the challenges related to vaccinating badgers for bovine tuberculosis (bTB)?

What are some biosecurity measures recommended to prevent bovine tuberculosis (bTB) transmission?

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