Fish Waste Management in the Philippines
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Questions and Answers

Which fish species are not suitable for producing fish silage?

  • Sardine and milkfish
  • Sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras (correct)
  • Tilapia and abalone
  • Teleosts or bony fishes

    • What is 'fish bycatch' in the context of fish silage production?

  • Fishmeal produced from fish silage
  • Non-commercially important, non-indigenous species
  • Fish processing waste
  • Unintentionally caught fish or marine species (correct)

    • What type of waste can be utilized in making fish silage?

  • Fish consumption waste
  • Fishmeal production waste
  • Seafood processing waste (correct)
  • Fish farming waste

    • What is the potential use of non-indigenous species in fish silage production?

    <p>To reduce environmental harm and utilize 'unwanted' species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nutritional value of fish silage comparable to?

    <p>Fishmeal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method used to produce fish silage in the study by Vidotti et al. (2003)?

    <p>Acid digestion and anaerobic fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using non-indigenous species in fish silage production?

    <p>Reduced environmental harm and utilization of 'unwanted' species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern related to the increase in seafood trade activities?

    <p>Overharvesting or overexploitation of fisheries resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential risk associated with fish silage production?

    <p>Risks associated with the product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the raw material used in studies on fish silage production in the Philippines?

    <p>Milkfish processing waste and sardine trimmings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for fish losses during production, storage, processing, and distribution?

    <p>Improper post-harvest handling and processing practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of further research in fish silage production?

    <p>To explore other potential raw materials and functionalities of LAB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fish waste typically composed of?

    <p>Whole fish or part thereof that is not utilized or consumed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of fish losses on the nutritional value of fish?

    <p>Decreases the nutritional value of fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge in assessing fish waste and losses in the Philippines?

    <p>Difficulty in quantifying and qualifying fish waste and losses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of efforts to decrease fishing pressure?

    <p>To maintain the supply of fish and fishery products to the consuming public</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of fish spoilage on its market value?

    <p>Decreases its market value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of seafood in international trade?

    <p>It is one of the most important internationally traded food commodities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential risk if spoiled raw materials are used in ensiling?

    <p>Production of aflatoxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential use of fermented fish silage?

    <p>As a feed ingredient for animal feeds and fish diets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the programme under which the Community Fish Landing Centers (CFLC) project was implemented?

    <p>Targeted Actions to Reduce Poverty and Generate Economic Transformation (TARGET)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Community Fish Landing Centers (CFLCs) are targeted to be constructed under the CFLC project?

    <p>725</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the second level of the Community Fish Landing Center (CFLC)?

    <p>Drying fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the microalgae that can be grown using fish silage?

    <p>Scenedesmus sp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using fish silage as an organic fertilizer?

    <p>Reduced soil degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of municipal fish ports in the Philippines?

    <p>86</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the BFAR regional training and research stations?

    <p>Setting up fish silage facilities in target communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using fish silage to enhance the growth of Scenedesmus sp.?

    <p>Removal of inorganic salts of nitrogen and phosphorous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total fish production in the Philippines is lost due to improper handling during the early post-harvest stages?

    <p>25-30 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kamari and Sayers (1979), what percentage of fish landings are lost due to physical damage in Navotas Fish Port?

    <p>30 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to quantify post-harvest losses and wastes in the Philippines?

    <p>To devise mechanisms for the strategic reduction of post-harvest losses and to provide recommendations on the proper utilization of fish wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of using fish waste to produce fishmeal and fish silage?

    <p>To increase food availability without increasing the pressure to the existing resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fish silage?

    <p>An excellent protein product of high biological value for animal feeding and for increased plant growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the raw materials used to produce fish silage?

    <p>Dead fish, underutilized fish species, invasive fish species, bycatch from marine fishing, commercial fish waste and industrial residues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of fish silage technology in cases where the quantity of fish waste involved is large and the transport distance and costs are high?

    <p>It enables maximum use of fish waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential use of the liquid product of fish silage?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective of the present report?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is there a need to reduce post-harvest losses and wastes in the Philippines?

    <p>To increase food availability and reduce the pressure to the existing resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of assessing the degree of utilization of raw materials in a particular area?

    <p>To identify the existing practices of utilizing or not utilizing raw materials and waste in the area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contribution of the aquaculture sector to the total fish production volume in the Philippines in 2017?

    <p>52 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend of total fisheries production in the Philippines from 2003 to 2010?

    <p>Steadily increasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of identifying areas with pig/poultry farming?

    <p>To identify potential markets for fish silage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of evaluating the presence of government-owned facilities in an area?

    <p>To assess the presence of support systems for fish silage production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of fish production in the Philippines has been reported as lost or wasted due to improper post-harvest handling?

    <p>20-80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average weight percentage of the liver in cod, according to Waterman (2001)?

    <p>2-7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend of total fish production volume in the Philippines from 2010 onwards?

    <p>Steadily decreasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average percentage of fish utilized as feeds and waste in the Philippines, according to PSA (2018)?

    <p>1.5-3.0%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the relatively low values of aquaculture commodities?

    <p>High production volumes of cultured seaweed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of considering the accessibility of input materials in an area?

    <p>To ensure economical production of fish silage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential amount of fish waste in the Philippines, in tonnes, based on the 2017 data?

    <p>123 715</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conducting focus group discussions and key informant interviews?

    <p>To complement secondary data with primary data from stakeholders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of fish waste in the Philippines, in PHP, based on the 2017 data?

    <p>PHP 7 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of identifying potential sites for fish silage production?

    <p>To determine the feasibility of fish silage production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of fish waste in the Philippines, in USD, based on the 2017 data?

    <p>USD 140 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of fishmeal produced from tuna canning wastes in the Philippines?

    <p>Feed manufacturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of fish skin processing in the Philippines?

    <p>Leather</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of fish waste utilized to produce fish crackers in the Philippines?

    <p>Tuna skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the author who reported on the history of solid fish waste processing and utilization in the Philippines?

    <p>Yap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of the law that was enacted in 2013?

    <p>Food Safety Act of 2013</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of the administrative order related to good manufacturing practice in manufacturing, packing, repacking, or holding food?

    <p>DOH-AO No. 153</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the year when the Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998 was enacted?

    <p>1998</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of fimbriated sardines?

    <p>Drying and smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Bali sardines?

    <p>Bottling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the top producing region of fimbriated sardines in 2017?

    <p>Bicol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main regulator of fish and aquatic products in the Philippines?

    <p>Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of the law that was enacted in 1991?

    <p>The Consumers Act of the Philippines of 1991</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of Bali sardines production in 2017?

    <p>241,477 tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implementing agency of the food safety control system in the Philippines?

    <p>Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for processing Bali sardines immediately in Roxas City?

    <p>High perishability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are fermented fish products not extensively consumed in Roxas City?

    <p>Local preference for shrimp paste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an alternative way to utilize excess Bali sardines in Roxas City?

    <p>Fish silage processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential market for fish silage in Roxas City?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial to remove excess oil from oily fish species used in fish silage production?

    <p>To prevent fishy taint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential site for fish silage production in Roxas City?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge associated with using oily fish species in fish silage production?

    <p>Rapid oil deterioration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is formic acid used in fish silage production?

    <p>As a preservative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consideration for producing fish silage in Roxas City?

    <p>Proximity to fish drying facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of using fish silage?

    <p>Reduced environmental impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of using sardine fish silage in the diet of European sea bass?

    <p>Similar or lower growth performance and feed utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the alternative use of the oil extracted during the ensiling process?

    <p>As a cost-effective alternative oil for tilapia diets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name of the ornamental fish used in the production of fish silage?

    <p>Janitor fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is janitor fish not commercially important as a food fish?

    <p>Due to its name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of fishery by-products in the Philippines?

    <p>Production of fishmeal and silage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using fish waste in production?

    <p>Provides an additional source of income for women in coastal areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What problem does the sharp spines of the janitor fish cause?

    <p>Destruction of fishing nets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary market for fish skin crackers and dried marinated fish bones in the Philippines?

    <p>Souvenir shops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern related to the spread of janitor fish in the Cagayan River?

    <p>Its impact on the river's ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential use of janitor fish in the context of fish silage production?

    <p>As a target species for fish silage production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current regulatory situation regarding fish waste products in the Philippines?

    <p>There are no specific regulations for waste products, but all fish products must adhere to relevant laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of utilizing janitor fish in fish silage production?

    <p>It reduces the environmental impacts of the invasive species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential use of fish protein hydrolysates?

    <p>As a food additive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the environmental impact of improperly disposing fish waste?

    <p>It can have deleterious effects on the environment and human beings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for using janitor fish in fish silage production?

    <p>To utilize an invasive species that has no recommended methodology for human consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of natural ingredients and fertilizers in the Philippines?

    <p>Fish processing establishments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using fish silage as a method for utilizing janitor fish?

    <p>It helps to prevent the spread of the invasive species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of edible meat is present in skipjack tuna?

    <p>62%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential use of non-utilizable parts of fresh tuna?

    <p>Fish silage production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential use of biotoxins extracted from crab species?

    <p>As a source of pharmaceuticals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of utilizing tuna waste in fish silage production?

    <p>Reduced environmental pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using fishery by-products in making fish protein concentrates?

    <p>It can serve as a dietary supplement in human and animal foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using fishery by-products and processing wastes?

    <p>To reduce the environmental impact of fish waste and provide additional income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential market for fish silage?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the negative impact of excessive accumulation of organic materials in water bodies?

    <p>Anaerobic conditions and foul odors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using invasive species in fish silage production?

    <p>Control of invasive species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential outcome of proper waste utilization in fish processing plants?

    <p>Zero-waste management approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential benefit of fish silage production for coastal communities?

    <p>Increased income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the problem associated with the disposal of fish waste in nearby bodies of water?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential use of fish silage as a fertilizer?

    <p>For all of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical practice of small-scale sardine bottlers in Dipolog City regarding non-utilizable sardine trimmings?

    <p>Throw them into nearby bodies of waters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much waste can be generated by small-scale processors in Dipolog City during the peak sardine season?

    <p>Up to 44 kg per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed location for setting up a fish silage production facility?

    <p>Barra Fish Port, Barangay Barra, Dipolog City</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fish silage production facility?

    <p>To generate additional income for small-scale processors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage yield of fishmeal production used in the calculation of waste generated?

    <p>78%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can the input materials needed for fish silage production (e.g. formic acid) be obtained?

    <p>Local markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many medium-scale processors operate in Barangay Sicayab, Dipolog City?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average amount of waste generated by small-scale processors during the lean season?

    <p>9.17 kg per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do small-scale sardine bottlers in Dipolog City throw non-utilizable sardine trimmings into nearby bodies of waters?

    <p>Due to lack of alternative means of utilizing these solid wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition of the facility for fishmeal production of the medium-scale processors?

    <p>Exclusive for their own use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total fish coral catch in Siniloan, Laguna comprised of the invasive fish species in 2002?

    <p>10-38%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the potential site for fish silage production located?

    <p>BFAR Agricultural Pilot Centre Fish Farm– Regional Office 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main species of tuna landed in General Santos City?

    <p>Both yellowfin and skipjack tuna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate volume of ipit in relation to the total landings of skipjack and yellowfin tuna?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current use of ipit in General Santos City?

    <p>Processed into low-quality, deformed dried fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential market for fish silage in the area?

    <p>Pig/poultry farmers in Tuguegarao and nearby municipalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend of skipjack tuna landings in General Santos City?

    <p>Increasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge in utilizing ipit in fish silage production?

    <p>Insufficient supply of ipit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Cagayan River in relation to fish silage production?

    <p>It is a location for fish silage production facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using tuna bycatch in fish silage production?

    <p>It provides a readily available source of raw materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental benefit can be achieved by using fish trimmings to produce silage?

    <p>Reducing the amount of fish waste in landfills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential benefit of using fish silage as an alternative to commercial feed ingredients and fertilizers?

    <p>Providing an environmentally friendly and sustainable option</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is there a growing interest in using fish silage as an alternative feed ingredient?

    <p>As a result of the shift towards natural and organic food sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential benefit of encouraging small-scale sardine processors to use their fish trimmings to produce silage?

    <p>Providing additional income and environmental benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of increasing awareness about natural sources of feed ingredients and fertilizers?

    <p>A shift towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern related to the increasing demand for seafood products?

    <p>Sustainability of fisheries resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for fish losses during production, storage, processing, and distribution?

    <p>Improper post-harvest handling and processing practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of fish spoilage on its market value?

    <p>Loss of market value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge in assessing fish waste and losses in the Philippines?

    <p>Difficult to quantify and qualify</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk associated with the use of spoiled raw materials in fish silage production?

    <p>Growth of Clostridium botulinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of seafood in international trade?

    <p>One of the most important food commodities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of efforts to decrease fishing pressure?

    <p>Conserve fisheries resources for future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential use of fermented fish silage?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fish waste typically composed of?

    <p>Whole fish or part thereof that is not utilized or consumed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Community Fish Landing Centers (CFLC) project?

    <p>To reduce post-harvest losses and improve socio-economic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the microalgae that can be grown using fish silage?

    <p>Scenedesmus sp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to quantify post-harvest losses and wastes in the Philippines?

    <p>To identify areas for improvement in the fish supply chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target number of Community Fish Landing Centers (CFLCs) to be constructed under the CFLC project?

    <p>725</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the BFAR regional training and research stations?

    <p>To provide technical assistance to fishing communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using fish silage as an organic fertilizer?

    <p>It improves soil fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of municipal fish ports in the Philippines?

    <p>86</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the programme under which the Community Fish Landing Centers (CFLC) project was implemented?

    <p>TARGET programme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using fish silage technology in coastal communities?

    <p>It offers a sustainable way to manage fish waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using fish silage as a source of protein?

    <p>It is a good source of protein and can be produced from various raw materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for using non-commercially important, non-indigenous species in fish silage production?

    <p>To reduce their population and mitigate their environmental impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential raw material for fish silage production?

    <p>Sharks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated percentage of total fish production in the Philippines lost due to improper handling during the early post-harvest stages?

    <p>25-30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of reducing post-harvest losses and wastes in the Philippines?

    <p>To increase food availability without increasing the pressure to the existing resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern related to fish silage production?

    <p>The potential risks associated with the product.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of using Lactobacillus plantarum in fish silage production?

    <p>It enhances the nutritional value of fish silage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of fish silage technology in cases where the quantity of fish waste involved is large and the transport distance and costs are high?

    <p>It can be a preliminary step in fishmeal production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential use of the liquid product of fish silage?

    <p>As an animal feed and as plant fertilizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using fish silage as a liquid product?

    <p>It is easier to transport and store.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective of the present report?

    <p>To evaluate the status of fish supply and utilization in the Philippines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using acid digestion in fish silage production?

    <p>To break down the proteins in the raw materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of fish silage technology in the Philippines?

    <p>It can help reduce post-harvest losses and wastes in the country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using non-indigenous species in fish silage production?

    <p>They can help to mitigate their environmental impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to quantify post-harvest losses and wastes in the Philippines?

    <p>To devise mechanisms for the strategic reduction of post-harvest losses in the country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using fish silage as an alternative to fishmeal?

    <p>It can be produced from a variety of raw materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential benefit of using fish silage technology?

    <p>It can help reduce post-harvest losses and wastes in the country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern related to the use of fish silage in animal feed?

    <p>The potential risks associated with the product.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated percentage of fish landings lost due to physical damage in Navotas Fish Port?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of reducing post-harvest losses and wastes in the Philippines?

    <p>To increase food availability without increasing the pressure to the existing resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some potential uses of fishery by-products?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be extracted from different crab species?

    <p>Biotoxins with potential pharmaceutical uses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of using fishery by-products and processing wastes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge associated with fish waste and by-products?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be produced from fish processing wastewater?

    <p>Natural ingredients and fertilizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential use of fermented fish entrails?

    <p>Food additives and condiments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of using fishery by-products for women in coastal areas?

    <p>Increased economic and social capital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential product from fish processing waste?

    <p>Fish skin crackers and dried marinated fish bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage range of solid waste generated in fish processing, depending on the methodologies applied and type of raw materials used?

    <p>20-80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average percentage of fish utilized as feeds and waste in the Philippines, according to PSA (2018)?

    <p>2.87%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge associated with the use of fishery by-products and processing wastes?

    <p>Lack of regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be used to make fish protein concentrates?

    <p>Low-value, underutilized fish species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential amount of fish waste in the Philippines, in tonnes, based on the 2017 data?

    <p>123,715</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of fish waste in Philippine Peso (PHP) based on the 2017 data?

    <p>PHP 7 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average weight percentage of the head in cod, according to Waterman (2001)?

    <p>21%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage range of liver weight in cod, according to Waterman (2001)?

    <p>2-7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of percentage of fish production lost or wasted due to improper post-harvest handling in the Philippines?

    <p>no reported data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of quantifying post-harvest losses and wastes in the Philippines?

    <p>To reduce post-harvest losses and wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the non-food products from fishery by-products produced in the Philippines?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contribution of the aquaculture sector to the total fish production volume in the Philippines in 2017?

    <p>No reported data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the decreasing trend in total fish production volume in the Philippines from 2010 onwards?

    <p>Lack of optimal resource management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total fish production volume in the Philippines in 2017 was contributed by the aquaculture sector?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of evaluating the presence of government-owned facilities in an area for fish silage production?

    <p>To identify the presence of support systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of identifying areas with pig/poultry farming for fish silage production?

    <p>To identify potential markets for fish silage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend of production values in all fisheries sectors in the Philippines over the last 15 years?

    <p>Increasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assessing the volume and value of raw materials available in an area for fish silage production?

    <p>To assess the availability and volume of raw materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criterion for selecting potential sites for fish silage production?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the increasing per capita demand for fish in the Philippines?

    <p>It highlights the importance of reducing post-harvest losses and wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the relatively low values of aquaculture commodities in the Philippines?

    <p>High amount of cultured seaweed production volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of evaluating the presence of fishmeal production facilities in an area for fish silage production?

    <p>To identify potential competitors for fish waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary agency responsible for implementing and regulating fish products in the Philippines?

    <p>Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following laws is related to food safety in the Philippines?

    <p>Food Safety Act of 2013</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common use of fimbriated sardines in the Philippines?

    <p>Drying and smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region produces the largest volume of Bali sardines in the Philippines?

    <p>Zamboanga Peninsula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Bali sardines in the Philippines?

    <p>Bottling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential raw material for fish silage production in the Philippines?

    <p>Fish waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why fish silage technology is not widely recognized in the Philippines?

    <p>Social acceptance issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of fimbriated sardines produced in the Philippines in 2017?

    <p>79,421 tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common identification of Bali sardines in the Philippines?

    <p>Sardinella lemuru</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the BFAR Administrative Circular No. 251?

    <p>Traceability System for Fish and Fishery Products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary usage of fish trimmings from small-scale sardine bottlers in Barangay Sicayab, Dipolog City?

    <p>Throwing them into nearby bodies of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many medium-scale sardine processors operate in Barangay Sicayab, Dipolog City?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average daily processing waste from small-scale processors of bottled sardines in Barangay Sicayab, Dipolog City during the peak season?

    <p>31.53 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is a potential site for fish silage production located?

    <p>Barra Fish Port, Barangay Barra, Dipolog City</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of fish trimmings that could be utilized in fish silage production in Dipolog City?

    <p>Small-scale sardine bottlers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many small-scale sardine processors operate in Barangay Sicayab, Dipolog City?

    <p>11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of setting up a facility for fish silage production in Dipolog City?

    <p>To generate additional income for small-scale processors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of using fish silage from sardines in the diet of European sea bass?

    <p>Similar or lower growth performance and feed utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average daily processing waste from small-scale processors of bottled sardines in Barangay Sicayab, Dipolog City during the lean season?

    <p>9.17 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current use of fish trimmings by the two medium-scale processors in Barangay Sicayab, Dipolog City?

    <p>They are used in fishmeal production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential use of the extracted oil from fish silage?

    <p>As a feed ingredient in aquaculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the fish trimmings that could be utilized in fish silage production?

    <p>Sicayab, Dipolog City</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary issue with the introduction of janitor fish in Philippine river systems?

    <p>Destruction of fishing nets due to sharp spines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is janitor fish an ideal target species for fish silage production?

    <p>It is an invasive species with no recommended methodology for utilization as human food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using fish silage in areas near the Cagayan River?

    <p>To prevent the further spread of janitor fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of preventing the spread of janitor fish in the Cagayan River?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration when producing fish silage using oily fish species?

    <p>Removal of fishy taint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of the janitor fish population in the Cagayan River?

    <p>Migrated from the Magat Dam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Community Fish Landing Center (CFLC) located?

    <p>Barangay Cabugao, Municipality of Ivisan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential benefit of using janitor fish in fish silage production?

    <p>Reducing the population of janitor fish in river systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential market for fish silage in Roxas City and nearby municipalities?

    <p>Local poultry/pig farmers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the species of sardines produced in Capiz province in 2017?

    <p>Sardinella lemuru</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of janitor fish on fishing nets?

    <p>They destroy fishing nets with their sharp spines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of janitor fish invasion in riverine ecosystems?

    <p>Imbalance to the ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the alternative way of utilizing Bali sardines in Roxas City?

    <p>Fish silage production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are the locals in Roxas City not processing Bali sardines themselves?

    <p>Preference for shrimp paste over fish paste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Roxas Fish Port in Barangay Libas, Roxas City?

    <p>Close proximity to fish drying facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding an antioxidant during the ensiling process?

    <p>To prevent oil deterioration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current status of fishmeal facilities in Roxas City?

    <p>No facilities are operating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Community Fish Landing Center (CFLC) in Barangay Cabugao, Municipality of Ivisan?

    <p>Potential site for fish silage production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of edible meat is obtained from skipjack and yellowfin tunas?

    <p>62% and 58%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of utilizing tuna waste in General Santos City Fish Port Complex?

    <p>To produce fish silage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the environmental problem resulting from the disposal of fish waste in nearby bodies of water?

    <p>Depletion of oxygen supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the social impact of utilizing invasive, non-commercially important alien species in fish silage production?

    <p>Maintenance of ecological balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the potential buyers of fish silage in General Santos City and nearby municipalities?

    <p>Local poultry/pig farmers and vegetable farmers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the economic impact of utilizing tuna waste and bycatch in fish silage production?

    <p>Increased income for local communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the technical impact of utilizing non-utilizable parts of fresh tuna in fish silage production?

    <p>Reduced fish waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the environmental impact of not utilizing tuna waste and bycatch in fish silage production?

    <p>Increased pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using fish silage technology in General Santos City?

    <p>Zero-waste management approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using fish silage as a plant fertilizer?

    <p>To enhance plant growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using fish trimmings to produce silage?

    <p>Increasing the income of small-scale sardine processors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is driving the demand for natural, organically fed animals and organically grown fruit and vegetables?

    <p>Consumer preference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can fish silage offer as an alternative to commercially available feeds and fertilizers?

    <p>A more sustainable option</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential impact of encouraging the use of fish trimmings in silage production?

    <p>Increased awareness of natural sources of feed ingredients and fertilizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of promoting the use of fish trimmings in silage production for coastal communities?

    <p>Increasing the income of women in coastal communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total fish coral catch in Siniloan, Laguna did the invasive fish species comprise in 2002?

    <p>10-38%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the BFAR Agricultural Pilot Centre Fish Farm–Regional Office 2 located?

    <p>Minanga Norte, Iguig, Cagayan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of total Philippine production of skipjack tuna landed in General Santos City in 2017?

    <p>77.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated volume of ipit (fish bycatch) compared to the total landings of skipjack and yellowfin tunas?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary market for fish silage in the Cagayan Valley region?

    <p>Local poultry/pig farmers in Tuguegarao</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current status of fishmeal facilities in the area near the BFAR Agricultural Pilot Centre Fish Farm–Regional Office 2?

    <p>There are no operating facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of considering the location of the BFAR Agricultural Pilot Centre Fish Farm–Regional Office 2?

    <p>To evaluate the availability of input materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total production of skipjack tuna in the Philippines in 2003?

    <p>138 000 tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend of yellowfin tuna landings in General Santos City from 2003 to 2017?

    <p>Increasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the tuna bycatch (ipit) in General Santos City?

    <p>It can be used in fish silage production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated percentage of total fish production in the Philippines lost due to improper handling during the early post-harvest stages?

    <p>25-30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern related to the use of spoiled raw materials in ensiling?

    <p>The growth of unwanted microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the increasing concern over the sustainability of fisheries resources?

    <p>Overharvesting or overexploitation of fisheries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated percentage of fish landings lost due to physical damage in Navotas Fish Port?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three categories of fish losses?

    <p>Material, nutritional, and market value losses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using fish silage as an organic fertilizer?

    <p>It enhances the growth of agricultural crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of quantifying post-harvest losses and wastes in the Philippines?

    <p>To devise mechanisms for the strategic reduction of post-harvest losses and to make recommendations on the proper utilization of fish wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fish waste composed of?

    <p>Whole fish or parts that are not utilized or consumed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Community Fish Landing Centers (CFLC) project?

    <p>To reduce post-harvest losses and improve socio-economic conditions of fishing communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge in assessing fish waste and losses in the Philippines?

    <p>Quantifying the extent of fish waste and losses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fish silage?

    <p>An excellent protein product of high biological value for animal feeding and plant growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for not using cartilaginous species such as sharks, skates, rays, and chimaeras in fish silage production?

    <p>They have a slower liquefaction rate compared to teleosts or bony fishes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using fish silage technology in cases where the quantity of fish waste involved is large and the transport distance and costs are high?

    <p>It is a cost-effective and efficient way to utilize fish waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using fish silage as a raw material?

    <p>It is a liquid product that is easy to store and transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of fish silage technology in cases where the quantity of fish waste involved is large and the transport distance and costs are high?

    <p>It enables maximum use of fish waste, especially in cases where the quantity involved, and the transport distance and costs, prohibit the immediate conversion of these wastes into fishmeal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of efforts to decrease fishing pressure?

    <p>To maintain the supply of fish and fishery products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential use of fermented fish silage?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Community Fish Landing Centers (CFLCs) are targeted to be constructed under the CFLC project?

    <p>725</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective of the present report?

    <p>To evaluate the status of fish supply and utilization in the Philippines, with focus on waste utilization using fish silage technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of fish spoilage on its market value?

    <p>It decreases the market value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using Lactobacillus plantarum in fish silage production?

    <p>To facilitate anaerobic fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using non-indigenous species in fish silage production?

    <p>They can help to reduce the environmental impact of invasive species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential use of the liquid product of fish silage?

    <p>As an animal feed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the microalgae that can be grown using fish silage?

    <p>Scenedesmus sp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of seafood in international trade?

    <p>It is a significant internationally traded food commodity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk associated with fish silage production?

    <p>The risk of using spoiled raw materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to quantify post-harvest losses and wastes in the Philippines?

    <p>To devise mechanisms for the strategic reduction of post-harvest losses and to make recommendations on the proper utilization of fish wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the BFAR regional training and research stations?

    <p>To set up fish silage facilities in target communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to reduce post-harvest losses and wastes in the Philippines?

    <p>To ensure food security and reduce waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential application of fish silage?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of municipal fish ports in the Philippines?

    <p>86</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using fish silage as an organic fertilizer?

    <p>It enhances the growth of the crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of fish silage technology?

    <p>It enables maximum use of fish waste, especially in cases where the quantity involved, and the transport distance and costs, prohibit the immediate conversion of these wastes into fishmeal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using fish silage as a protein source?

    <p>It is a sustainable alternative to traditional protein sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential risk associated with the growth of Clostridium botulinum in fish silage?

    <p>The production of Botulinum Toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of acid digestion in fish silage production?

    <p>To break down the raw materials and facilitate fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nutritional value of fish silage comparable to?

    <p>Fishmeal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of using LAB in fish silage production?

    <p>To facilitate anaerobic fermentation and produce a nutritious product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated percentage of the total fish production in the Philippines that is lost or wasted due to improper post-harvest handling?

    <p>20-80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average weight percentage of the head in cod, according to Waterman (2001)?

    <p>21%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total production volume of the eight commercially important commodities in the Philippines from 2003 to 2016, in tonnes?

    <p>1 576 002</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential value of the amount used as feeds and waste in the Philippines, in USD?

    <p>140 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential use of bioactive substances extracted from different crab species?

    <p>As a pharmaceutical ingredient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product produced from fish viscera?

    <p>Fish sauce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of utilizing fishery by-products and processing wastes?

    <p>Reducing environmental pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a value-added food product made from fish processing waste?

    <p>Fish skin crackers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of fish utilized as feeds and waste in the Philippines, according to PSA (2018)?

    <p>2.87%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential use of fish protein hydrolysates?

    <p>As a food additive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average weight percentage of the fillet, skinned in cod, according to Waterman (2001)?

    <p>36%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a social impact of utilizing fishery by-products and processing wastes?

    <p>Increased income for women in coastal areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of utilizing fish waste in the Philippines?

    <p>To reduce post-harvest losses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average percentage of fish production utilized as feeds and waste for the eight most commercially important fish species in the Philippines?

    <p>3.0%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of fishery by-product that can be used as a dietary supplement?

    <p>Fish protein concentrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of fishery by-product that can be used as a fertilizer?

    <p>Fish washings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential amount of fish waste in the Philippines, in tonnes, based on the 2017 data?

    <p>123 715</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential use of fermented fish entrails?

    <p>As a condiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of using fish protein hydrolysates in canned yellowfin tuna?

    <p>Increased net weight and appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a concern associated with the increasing amount of fish waste?

    <p>Environmental pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern in using oily fish species in fish silage production?

    <p>Rapid deterioration of oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are fermented products not consumed extensively in Roxas City?

    <p>Local preference for shrimp paste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential market for fish silage in Roxas City and nearby municipalities?

    <p>Poultry and pig farmers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an alternative way to utilize Bali sardines in Roxas City?

    <p>Fish silage production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for establishing a fish silage facility in Roxas City?

    <p>Coordinating with local government units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the fish species preferred by locals in Roxas City for drying?

    <p>Fimbriated sardines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the gradual decrease in total fisheries production in the Philippines from 2010 onwards?

    <p>Population increase and increasing per capita demand for fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Bali sardines not consumed fresh in large quantities in Roxas City?

    <p>High perishability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of identifying areas with pig/poultry farming?

    <p>To identify potential markets for fish silage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential use of the room on the second floor of the Community Fish Landing Center (CFLC)?

    <p>Fermentation area for fish silage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criterion for selecting potential sites for fish silage production?

    <p>Availability and volume of raw materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend of the production values of fishery commodities in the Philippines over the last 15 years?

    <p>Increasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is fish silage production an attractive option in Roxas City?

    <p>Absence of competitors in the area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consideration in selecting a site for fish silage production in Roxas City?

    <p>Accessibility of input materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of evaluating the presence of fishmeal production facilities in an area?

    <p>To identify potential competitors for fish waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential use of sardine fish silage as an ingredient in aquaculture feeds?

    <p>To increase the growth performance of European sea bass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge in assessing fish waste and losses in the Philippines?

    <p>Inadequate quantification of post-harvest losses and wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency is mandated as the implementation and regulatory agency for fish products in the Philippines?

    <p>Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contribution of the aquaculture sector to the total fish production volume in the Philippines in 2017?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the use of the oil extracted from fish silage in rainbow trout processing waste?

    <p>As a cost-effective alternative to commercial fish oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of the Republic Act (RA) that was implemented in 2013?

    <p>The Food Safety Act of 2013</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assessing the degree of utilization of raw materials in an area?

    <p>To determine the availability of raw materials for fish silage production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of janitor fish in the aquarium trade?

    <p>As an aquarium cleaner, feeding on microalgae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common species of sardines caught in large volumes in the Philippines?

    <p>Fimbriated sardines (Sardinella fimbriata)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of janitor fish on the ecosystem?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the decreasing trend in total fish production volume in the Philippines from 2010 onwards?

    <p>It indicates a need to optimize fish resource management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential use of janitor fish in fish silage production?

    <p>As a target species for fish silage production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider the accessibility of input materials in an area?

    <p>To ensure the economical production of fish silage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of fimbriated sardines in the Philippines?

    <p>Drying and smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the production volume of Bali sardines in the Philippines in 2017?

    <p>241,477 tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to prevent the spread of janitor fish in the Cagayan River?

    <p>To protect the ecosystem from imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of Bali sardines in the Philippines?

    <p>Bottling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the janitor fish population in the Cagayan River?

    <p>From the Magat dam, a tributary of the Cagayan River</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the introduction of janitor fish in Philippine river systems?

    <p>Reduction of fish catch and ecosystem imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in the Philippines has the highest production volume of Bali sardines?

    <p>Zamboanga Peninsula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) in the Philippines?

    <p>To regulate the fisheries industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suggested use of janitor fish in areas near the Cagayan River?

    <p>For fish silage production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of utilizing janitor fish as a source of fish silage?

    <p>To reduce the environmental impact of janitor fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the administrative order related to Good Manufacturing Practice in Manufacturing, Packing, Repacking or Holding Food?

    <p>DOH-AO No. 153</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the Republic Act (RA) related to the Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998?

    <p>RA No. 8550</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did the invasive fish comprise 10–38 percent of the total fish coral catch in Siniloan, Laguna?

    <p>2002</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the fish species that is often caught as bycatch in General Santos City?

    <p>Ipit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential site for fish silage production in Cagayan Valley?

    <p>BFAR Agricultural Pilot Centre Fish Farm– Regional Office 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated volume of skipjack tuna landed in General Santos City in 2017?

    <p>186 000 tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of yellowfin tuna landings in General Santos City in 2003?

    <p>33.81 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated volume of ipit caught as bycatch in General Santos City?

    <p>10 percent of total landings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the BFAR Agricultural Pilot Centre Fish Farm– Regional Office 2 located?

    <p>Minanga Norte, Iguig, Cagayan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential use of the tuna bycatch in General Santos City?

    <p>To produce fish silage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the Cagayan Valley Lowland Marine Research Station (CVLMROS)?

    <p>Minanga Norte, Iguig, Cagayan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the species that can be used as raw materials for fish silage production in General Santos City?

    <p>Thunnus albacares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using fish trimmings in the production of silage?

    <p>Reducing the environmental impact of fish waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is there a growing demand for natural, organically fed animals and organically grown produce?

    <p>To meet the changing consumer preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential benefit of using fish silage as a feed ingredient?

    <p>Providing an alternative to commercially available feed ingredients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential benefit of using fish silage as a fertilizer?

    <p>Providing an alternative to commercially available fertilizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who would benefit from the initiative to encourage small-scale sardine processors to use fish trimmings in silage production?

    <p>Both men and women in coastal communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of sardine trimmings in medium-scale processors in Dipolog City?

    <p>Production of fishmeal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the potential site for fish silage production in Dipolog City?

    <p>Barra Fish Port</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average processing waste produced per day by small-scale processors in Barangay Sicayab, Dipolog City during the lean season?

    <p>9.17 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of setting up a facility for fish silage production in Barangay Barra, Dipolog City?

    <p>To generate additional income for small-scale processors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the small-scale processors in Barangay Sicayab, Dipolog City typically obtain their raw materials from?

    <p>Manila, Cebu, and Zamboanga City</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of fresh fish bought per day by MS Processor 1 during the peak season?

    <p>250 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average volume of production by MS Processor 2 during the lean season?

    <p>88 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of other input materials needed in fish silage production?

    <p>Local markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the survey conducted with participants from the medium-scale and small-scale processors in Barangay Sicayab, Dipolog City?

    <p>To identify the volume of fish waste produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using fish trimmings from small-scale processors in fish silage production?

    <p>Generating additional income for small-scale processors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential benefit of using fish silage technology?

    <p>Reducing the economic losses of fishers due to invasive species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential environmental impact of not utilizing fish waste?

    <p>Eutrophication of water bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential market for fish silage produced in General Santos City?

    <p>Local vegetable farmers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential advantage of using fish silage technology?

    <p>Showcasing a zero-waste management approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of using fish silage technology?

    <p>Fewer environmental problems arising from the disposal of fish wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential use of fish silage?

    <p>As a plant fertilizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential benefit of using fish silage technology in General Santos City?

    <p>Providing added income to people in coastal communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential environmental impact of fish waste disposal?

    <p>Eutrophication of water bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of using fish silage technology in the Philippines?

    <p>Solving the problem related to the uncontrollable invasion of water bodies by invasive species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential advantage of using fish silage technology in the Philippines?

    <p>Showcasing a zero-waste management approach in the Philippines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fish Waste Management in the Philippines

    • The Philippines is a major fish-producing country, but it faces challenges in sustaining its fisheries resources.
    • Overfishing and waste pose significant threats to the country's fish supply.
    • Fish waste refers to whole fish or parts of fish that are not utilized or consumed, including bycatch, damaged fish, and processing waste.

    Post-Harvest Losses and Waste

    • In the Philippines, estimates suggest that 25-30% of total fish production is lost due to improper handling during early post-harvest stages.
    • Navotas Fish Port, the largest fish port in the country, reports losses of up to 30% of fish landings due to physical damage.

    Fish Silage Production

    • Fish silage is a liquid product made from fish waste, which can be used as a protein source for animal feed and fertilizers.
    • Fish silage production can be an effective way to reduce fish waste and increase the utilization of fish resources.
    • Raw materials for fish silage production can include fish bycatch, seafood processing waste, and non-commercially important fish species.

    Potential Sites for Fish Silage Production in the Philippines

    • Community Fish Landing Centers (CFLCs) of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) can be used for fish silage production.
    • Municipal fish ports and BFAR regional training and research stations can also be tapped for fish silage production.

    Criteria for Geographical Site Selection

    • Availability and volume of raw materials
    • Degree of utilization of raw materials and processing waste
    • Facilities for silage production
    • Fishmeal production facilities
    • Accessibility of input materials
    • Presence of pig/poultry farming in the area

    Volume and Value of Fish Production and Waste in the Philippines

    • Total fisheries production in the Philippines decreased from 5.16 million tonnes in 2010 to 4.31 million tonnes in 2017.
    • The aquaculture sector accounts for 52% of the country's total fish production volume.
    • The value of fishery commodities in the Philippines has been increasing over the past 15 years.

    Fish Waste Generation in the Philippines

    • No reported total amount of fish waste in the Philippines, but estimates suggest that 20-80% of total fish production is lost or wasted.
    • Average composition of cod fish waste: head (21%), guts (7%), liver (5%), roe (4%), backbone (14%), fins and lugs (10%), skin (3%), and fillet (36%).
    • Average production and utilization of eight commercially important commodities as feed and waste from 2003 to 2016: 2.87% of total production.### Philippine Fisheries Production and Waste Utilization
    • In 2017, the Philippine fisheries production volume was 4.31 million tonnes, with a value of 123.715 billion Philippine Peso (PHP) or 7 billion USD.
    • The potential amount of fish waste used as feed and waste is 2.87 million tonnes.
    • Existing technology is used to process fish waste into various products, such as fish crackers, dried marinated fish bones, fish sauce, and fish paste.

    Products from Fish Waste

    • Fishmeal from tuna canning wastes
    • Leather from fish skin
    • Protein concentrates from fish and shrimp processing wastes used in feed manufacturing
    • Nutraceutical ingredients, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from tuna livers, heads, and eyeballs
    • Fish protein concentrates and hydrolysates as dietary supplements

    Social, Economic, Environmental, and Technical Impacts

    • Improper disposal of fish waste generates serious environmental and health problems.
    • Wise and efficient use of fish waste can provide solutions to these problems and generate income for women in coastal areas.
    • New initiatives can help women increase their economic and social capital.

    Fish Silage Technology

    • Fish silage technology is not widely recognized in the Philippines.
    • There are no reported figures on the volume and value of fish silage production in the country.
    • Aquaculturists prefer to use commercial fishmeal and other plant- or animal-based ingredients as protein sources.

    Potential Raw Materials and Sites for Fish Silage Production

    • Sardines are a highly commercialized fish species in the Philippines.
    • Fimbriated sardines (Sardinella fimbriata) and Bali sardines (Sardinella lemuru) are caught in large volumes in the country.
    • Potential sites for fish silage production include Dipolog City and Roxas City.

    Use of Sardine Trimmings in Fish Silage Production

    • Small-scale sardine bottlers in Dipolog City typically throw away non-utilizable sardine trimmings.
    • These trimmings can be used in fish silage production, generating additional income for the processors.

    Other Input Materials and Potential Market

    • Other input materials needed for fish silage production, such as formic acid, can be obtained locally.
    • The potential market for fish silage includes local poultry/pig farmers and fish farmers.

    Important Considerations

    • Fish silage should preferably be produced using non-fatty fish species.
    • Oily fish species, such as sardines, require additional steps to remove the fishy taint in the silage.
    • Antioxidants can be added to the acid during the ensiling process.

    Janitor Fish in Fish Silage Production

    • Janitor fish (Pterygoplichthys spp.) is an invasive species in the Philippines.
    • It has no market value as a food fish but is important in the aquarium trade.
    • It can be used in fish silage production, providing a potential solution to the environmental problems caused by its invasion.### Cagayan River and Janitor Fish
    • The Cagayan River is the longest and largest river in the Philippines, spanning across four provinces: Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Viscaya, and Quirino.
    • The janitor fish population in the Cagayan River likely originated from the Magat dam, a tributary of the Cagayan River.
    • The spread of janitor fish must be prevented to avoid ecological imbalance and environmental harm.
    • The absence of a methodology for utilizing janitor fish as a food source makes it an ideal target species for fish silage production.

    Fish Silage Production

    • The BFAR Agricultural Pilot Centre Fish Farm–Regional Office 2 in Minanga Norte, Iguig, Cagayan is a potential site for fish silage production.
    • The centre has a one-hectare hatchery complex with outdoor tanks, making it accessible for setting up a fish silage facility.
    • Local poultry/pig farmers in Tuguegarao and nearby municipalities are potential buyers of fish silage.

    Tuna By-Catch and Waste

    • General Santos City is a major landing site for tuna, with skipjack and yellowfin tuna being the most common species.
    • A significant amount of fish by-catch (locally known as ipit) is caught alongside tuna, which can be used for fish silage production.
    • Fish gills and other non-utilizable parts of fresh tuna can also be used for fish silage production.

    Social, Economic, Environmental, and Technical Impact of Fish Silage Technology

    • Fish silage technology can reduce environmental problems associated with fish waste disposal.
    • Proper waste utilization can promote a zero-waste management approach in the fishing industry.
    • Using invasive species like janitor fish for fish silage production can help maintain ecological balance and prevent economic losses.
    • Fish silage technology can provide added income to people in coastal communities and increase awareness of natural feed ingredients and fertilizers.

    Fish Waste Management in the Philippines

    • The Philippines is a major fish-producing country, but it faces challenges in sustaining its fisheries resources.
    • Overfishing and waste pose significant threats to the country's fish supply.
    • Fish waste refers to whole fish or parts of fish that are not utilized or consumed, including bycatch, damaged fish, and processing waste.

    Post-Harvest Losses and Waste

    • In the Philippines, estimates suggest that 25-30% of total fish production is lost due to improper handling during early post-harvest stages.
    • Navotas Fish Port, the largest fish port in the country, reports losses of up to 30% of fish landings due to physical damage.

    Fish Silage Production

    • Fish silage is a liquid product made from fish waste, which can be used as a protein source for animal feed and fertilizers.
    • Fish silage production can be an effective way to reduce fish waste and increase the utilization of fish resources.
    • Raw materials for fish silage production can include fish bycatch, seafood processing waste, and non-commercially important fish species.

    Potential Sites for Fish Silage Production in the Philippines

    • Community Fish Landing Centers (CFLCs) of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) can be used for fish silage production.
    • Municipal fish ports and BFAR regional training and research stations can also be tapped for fish silage production.

    Criteria for Geographical Site Selection

    • Availability and volume of raw materials
    • Degree of utilization of raw materials and processing waste
    • Facilities for silage production
    • Fishmeal production facilities
    • Accessibility of input materials
    • Presence of pig/poultry farming in the area

    Volume and Value of Fish Production and Waste in the Philippines

    • Total fisheries production in the Philippines decreased from 5.16 million tonnes in 2010 to 4.31 million tonnes in 2017.
    • The aquaculture sector accounts for 52% of the country's total fish production volume.
    • The value of fishery commodities in the Philippines has been increasing over the past 15 years.

    Fish Waste Generation in the Philippines

    • No reported total amount of fish waste in the Philippines, but estimates suggest that 20-80% of total fish production is lost or wasted.
    • Average composition of cod fish waste: head (21%), guts (7%), liver (5%), roe (4%), backbone (14%), fins and lugs (10%), skin (3%), and fillet (36%).
    • Average production and utilization of eight commercially important commodities as feed and waste from 2003 to 2016: 2.87% of total production.### Philippine Fisheries Production and Waste Utilization
    • In 2017, the Philippine fisheries production volume was 4.31 million tonnes, with a value of 123.715 billion Philippine Peso (PHP) or 7 billion USD.
    • The potential amount of fish waste used as feed and waste is 2.87 million tonnes.
    • Existing technology is used to process fish waste into various products, such as fish crackers, dried marinated fish bones, fish sauce, and fish paste.

    Products from Fish Waste

    • Fishmeal from tuna canning wastes
    • Leather from fish skin
    • Protein concentrates from fish and shrimp processing wastes used in feed manufacturing
    • Nutraceutical ingredients, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from tuna livers, heads, and eyeballs
    • Fish protein concentrates and hydrolysates as dietary supplements

    Social, Economic, Environmental, and Technical Impacts

    • Improper disposal of fish waste generates serious environmental and health problems.
    • Wise and efficient use of fish waste can provide solutions to these problems and generate income for women in coastal areas.
    • New initiatives can help women increase their economic and social capital.

    Fish Silage Technology

    • Fish silage technology is not widely recognized in the Philippines.
    • There are no reported figures on the volume and value of fish silage production in the country.
    • Aquaculturists prefer to use commercial fishmeal and other plant- or animal-based ingredients as protein sources.

    Potential Raw Materials and Sites for Fish Silage Production

    • Sardines are a highly commercialized fish species in the Philippines.
    • Fimbriated sardines (Sardinella fimbriata) and Bali sardines (Sardinella lemuru) are caught in large volumes in the country.
    • Potential sites for fish silage production include Dipolog City and Roxas City.

    Use of Sardine Trimmings in Fish Silage Production

    • Small-scale sardine bottlers in Dipolog City typically throw away non-utilizable sardine trimmings.
    • These trimmings can be used in fish silage production, generating additional income for the processors.

    Other Input Materials and Potential Market

    • Other input materials needed for fish silage production, such as formic acid, can be obtained locally.
    • The potential market for fish silage includes local poultry/pig farmers and fish farmers.

    Important Considerations

    • Fish silage should preferably be produced using non-fatty fish species.
    • Oily fish species, such as sardines, require additional steps to remove the fishy taint in the silage.
    • Antioxidants can be added to the acid during the ensiling process.

    Janitor Fish in Fish Silage Production

    • Janitor fish (Pterygoplichthys spp.) is an invasive species in the Philippines.
    • It has no market value as a food fish but is important in the aquarium trade.
    • It can be used in fish silage production, providing a potential solution to the environmental problems caused by its invasion.### Cagayan River and Janitor Fish
    • The Cagayan River is the longest and largest river in the Philippines, spanning across four provinces: Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Viscaya, and Quirino.
    • The janitor fish population in the Cagayan River likely originated from the Magat dam, a tributary of the Cagayan River.
    • The spread of janitor fish must be prevented to avoid ecological imbalance and environmental harm.
    • The absence of a methodology for utilizing janitor fish as a food source makes it an ideal target species for fish silage production.

    Fish Silage Production

    • The BFAR Agricultural Pilot Centre Fish Farm–Regional Office 2 in Minanga Norte, Iguig, Cagayan is a potential site for fish silage production.
    • The centre has a one-hectare hatchery complex with outdoor tanks, making it accessible for setting up a fish silage facility.
    • Local poultry/pig farmers in Tuguegarao and nearby municipalities are potential buyers of fish silage.

    Tuna By-Catch and Waste

    • General Santos City is a major landing site for tuna, with skipjack and yellowfin tuna being the most common species.
    • A significant amount of fish by-catch (locally known as ipit) is caught alongside tuna, which can be used for fish silage production.
    • Fish gills and other non-utilizable parts of fresh tuna can also be used for fish silage production.

    Social, Economic, Environmental, and Technical Impact of Fish Silage Technology

    • Fish silage technology can reduce environmental problems associated with fish waste disposal.
    • Proper waste utilization can promote a zero-waste management approach in the fishing industry.
    • Using invasive species like janitor fish for fish silage production can help maintain ecological balance and prevent economic losses.
    • Fish silage technology can provide added income to people in coastal communities and increase awareness of natural feed ingredients and fertilizers.

    Fish Waste Management in the Philippines

    • The Philippines is a major fish-producing country, but it faces challenges in sustaining its fisheries resources.
    • Overfishing and waste pose significant threats to the country's fish supply.
    • Fish waste refers to whole fish or parts of fish that are not utilized or consumed, including bycatch, damaged fish, and processing waste.

    Post-Harvest Losses and Waste

    • In the Philippines, estimates suggest that 25-30% of total fish production is lost due to improper handling during early post-harvest stages.
    • Navotas Fish Port, the largest fish port in the country, reports losses of up to 30% of fish landings due to physical damage.

    Fish Silage Production

    • Fish silage is a liquid product made from fish waste, which can be used as a protein source for animal feed and fertilizers.
    • Fish silage production can be an effective way to reduce fish waste and increase the utilization of fish resources.
    • Raw materials for fish silage production can include fish bycatch, seafood processing waste, and non-commercially important fish species.

    Potential Sites for Fish Silage Production in the Philippines

    • Community Fish Landing Centers (CFLCs) of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) can be used for fish silage production.
    • Municipal fish ports and BFAR regional training and research stations can also be tapped for fish silage production.

    Criteria for Geographical Site Selection

    • Availability and volume of raw materials
    • Degree of utilization of raw materials and processing waste
    • Facilities for silage production
    • Fishmeal production facilities
    • Accessibility of input materials
    • Presence of pig/poultry farming in the area

    Volume and Value of Fish Production and Waste in the Philippines

    • Total fisheries production in the Philippines decreased from 5.16 million tonnes in 2010 to 4.31 million tonnes in 2017.
    • The aquaculture sector accounts for 52% of the country's total fish production volume.
    • The value of fishery commodities in the Philippines has been increasing over the past 15 years.

    Fish Waste Generation in the Philippines

    • No reported total amount of fish waste in the Philippines, but estimates suggest that 20-80% of total fish production is lost or wasted.
    • Average composition of cod fish waste: head (21%), guts (7%), liver (5%), roe (4%), backbone (14%), fins and lugs (10%), skin (3%), and fillet (36%).
    • Average production and utilization of eight commercially important commodities as feed and waste from 2003 to 2016: 2.87% of total production.### Philippine Fisheries Production and Waste Utilization
    • In 2017, the Philippine fisheries production volume was 4.31 million tonnes, with a value of 123.715 billion Philippine Peso (PHP) or 7 billion USD.
    • The potential amount of fish waste used as feed and waste is 2.87 million tonnes.
    • Existing technology is used to process fish waste into various products, such as fish crackers, dried marinated fish bones, fish sauce, and fish paste.

    Products from Fish Waste

    • Fishmeal from tuna canning wastes
    • Leather from fish skin
    • Protein concentrates from fish and shrimp processing wastes used in feed manufacturing
    • Nutraceutical ingredients, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from tuna livers, heads, and eyeballs
    • Fish protein concentrates and hydrolysates as dietary supplements

    Social, Economic, Environmental, and Technical Impacts

    • Improper disposal of fish waste generates serious environmental and health problems.
    • Wise and efficient use of fish waste can provide solutions to these problems and generate income for women in coastal areas.
    • New initiatives can help women increase their economic and social capital.

    Fish Silage Technology

    • Fish silage technology is not widely recognized in the Philippines.
    • There are no reported figures on the volume and value of fish silage production in the country.
    • Aquaculturists prefer to use commercial fishmeal and other plant- or animal-based ingredients as protein sources.

    Potential Raw Materials and Sites for Fish Silage Production

    • Sardines are a highly commercialized fish species in the Philippines.
    • Fimbriated sardines (Sardinella fimbriata) and Bali sardines (Sardinella lemuru) are caught in large volumes in the country.
    • Potential sites for fish silage production include Dipolog City and Roxas City.

    Use of Sardine Trimmings in Fish Silage Production

    • Small-scale sardine bottlers in Dipolog City typically throw away non-utilizable sardine trimmings.
    • These trimmings can be used in fish silage production, generating additional income for the processors.

    Other Input Materials and Potential Market

    • Other input materials needed for fish silage production, such as formic acid, can be obtained locally.
    • The potential market for fish silage includes local poultry/pig farmers and fish farmers.

    Important Considerations

    • Fish silage should preferably be produced using non-fatty fish species.
    • Oily fish species, such as sardines, require additional steps to remove the fishy taint in the silage.
    • Antioxidants can be added to the acid during the ensiling process.

    Janitor Fish in Fish Silage Production

    • Janitor fish (Pterygoplichthys spp.) is an invasive species in the Philippines.
    • It has no market value as a food fish but is important in the aquarium trade.
    • It can be used in fish silage production, providing a potential solution to the environmental problems caused by its invasion.### Cagayan River and Janitor Fish
    • The Cagayan River is the longest and largest river in the Philippines, spanning across four provinces: Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Viscaya, and Quirino.
    • The janitor fish population in the Cagayan River likely originated from the Magat dam, a tributary of the Cagayan River.
    • The spread of janitor fish must be prevented to avoid ecological imbalance and environmental harm.
    • The absence of a methodology for utilizing janitor fish as a food source makes it an ideal target species for fish silage production.

    Fish Silage Production

    • The BFAR Agricultural Pilot Centre Fish Farm–Regional Office 2 in Minanga Norte, Iguig, Cagayan is a potential site for fish silage production.
    • The centre has a one-hectare hatchery complex with outdoor tanks, making it accessible for setting up a fish silage facility.
    • Local poultry/pig farmers in Tuguegarao and nearby municipalities are potential buyers of fish silage.

    Tuna By-Catch and Waste

    • General Santos City is a major landing site for tuna, with skipjack and yellowfin tuna being the most common species.
    • A significant amount of fish by-catch (locally known as ipit) is caught alongside tuna, which can be used for fish silage production.
    • Fish gills and other non-utilizable parts of fresh tuna can also be used for fish silage production.

    Social, Economic, Environmental, and Technical Impact of Fish Silage Technology

    • Fish silage technology can reduce environmental problems associated with fish waste disposal.
    • Proper waste utilization can promote a zero-waste management approach in the fishing industry.
    • Using invasive species like janitor fish for fish silage production can help maintain ecological balance and prevent economic losses.
    • Fish silage technology can provide added income to people in coastal communities and increase awareness of natural feed ingredients and fertilizers.

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    Learn about the challenges of fish waste management in the Philippines, including overfishing and post-harvest losses, and their impact on the country's fish supply.

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