Antibiotics and Patient Education
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Questions and Answers

What is the typical duration of a cephalosporin regimen?

  • 14 days
  • 10 days (correct)
  • 5 days
  • 21 days

    • What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient with a draining wound?

  • Enforce droplet isolation precautions
  • Teach the patient about the ordered antibiotics
  • Administer the ordered antibiotics
  • Culture the wound (correct)

    • Why should a patient taking cephalosporins ingest buttermilk or yogurt?

  • To reduce the risk of allergic reactions
  • To increase the absorption of the medication
  • To prevent nausea
  • To prevent superinfection of intestinal flora (correct)

    • What should a patient report to their healthcare provider when taking cephalosporins?

    <p>Mouth sores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of completing the full course of cephalosporin therapy?

    <p>To ensure that the infection is fully cleared</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should a patient take cephalosporins with food?

    <p>To reduce nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of cephalosporins?

    <p>Inhibiting cell wall synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mechanism of resistance to cephalosporins?

    <p>Beta-lactamase production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of cephalosporin therapy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of antibiotic sensitivity testing?

    <p>To guide antibiotic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient taking a cephalosporin?

    <p>Monitor the patient for signs and symptoms of a superinfection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Culture and Sensitivity (C&S) test?

    <p>To identify the organism causing the infection and determine antibiotic sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should IV cephalosporins be administered to prevent phlebitis?

    <p>Over 30 to 45 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Penicillin?

    <p>Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a narrow-spectrum antibiotic?

    <p>Primarily effective against one type of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of teaching the patient to use buttermilk, yogurt, acidophilus milk, or probiotics?

    <p>To maintain GI flora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of using broad-spectrum antibiotics?

    <p>Increased risk of superinfection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential effect of cephalosporin on oral birth control?

    <p>Decreases the effect of oral birth control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the patient take the entire prescribed dose of cephalosporin?

    <p>To ensure that the infection is fully treated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the generations of Cephalosporins?

    <p>The spectrum of bacteria they are effective against</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse teach the patient to expect and report regarding yeast infection?

    <p>Adverse reactions to report</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of Cephalosporins?

    <p>GI upset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be assessed before administering antibiotics?

    <p>The patient's allergies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of monitoring vital signs and increasing fluids in a patient taking cephalosporin?

    <p>To prevent dehydration and promote healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Treatment failures and increased morbidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the nurse administer IV cephalosporin over 30 minutes?

    <p>To prevent phlebitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse teach the patient regarding the administration of cephalosporin?

    <p>Take the medication on an empty stomach or with food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored during antibiotic therapy?

    <p>The patient's renal and liver function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to obtain a Culture and Sensitivity (C&S) test before starting antibiotic therapy?

    <p>To identify the organism causing the infection and determine antibiotic sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse evaluate to determine if the cephalosporin treatment was effective?

    <p>The patient's response to the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs?

    <p>Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit growth of bacteria, while bactericidal drugs kill bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of penicillin?

    <p>Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of antibiotic misuse?

    <p>Increased antibiotic resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a culture and sensitivity test?

    <p>To identify the infective microorganism and determine the effective antibiotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cross-resistance?

    <p>Resistance to a class of antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of an organism to resist the effects of an antibiotic?

    <p>Resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of an antibiotic to inhibit or kill an organism?

    <p>Sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the infections acquired in healthcare settings?

    <p>Healthcare-acquired infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a bacterium that has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of cephalosporins?

    <p>Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using sulfonamides and trimethoprim in combination?

    <p>To synergistically reduce the development of bacterial resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common indication for sulfonamide therapy?

    <p>Urinary infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of sulfonamide therapy?

    <p>Photosensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for sulfonamide therapy?

    <p>Renal or liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse assess before administering sulfonamides?

    <p>Renal function and medical history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential interaction between sulfonamides and warfarin?

    <p>Increased bleeding risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse teach the patient to do to reduce the risk of crystalluria?

    <p>Increase fluid intake to at least 2000 mL/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of sulfonamide therapy?

    <p>Renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of taking dairy products or antacids with sulfonamides?

    <p>Decrease absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse administer to the patient before starting sulfonamide therapy?

    <p>A Culture and Sensitivity (C&amp;S) test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse monitor in a patient taking sulfonamides?

    <p>Urinary output and CBC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sulfonamides on the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas?

    <p>Increase the hypoglycemic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sulfonamides on the anticoagulant effect of warfarin?

    <p>Increase the anticoagulant effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should patients taking sulfonamides increase their fluid intake?

    <p>To prevent crystalluria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of effect of combining two medications, such as trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, in co-trimoxazole?

    <p>Synergistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of not taking sulfonamides with antacids?

    <p>Increased absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should patients avoid taking antacids with sulfonamides?

    <p>To prevent decreased absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sulfonamides on the body's ability to excrete the medication?

    <p>Decrease excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of fluid intake in patients taking sulfonamides?

    <p>To prevent crystalluria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of interaction between sulfonamides and sulfonylureas?

    <p>Potentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of monitoring vital signs and increasing fluids in a patient taking sulfonamides?

    <p>To prevent crystalluria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should a patient taking sulfonamides avoid taking antacids?

    <p>To increase the absorption of the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of monitoring for bleeding and bruising in a patient taking sulfonamides?

    <p>To monitor for adverse reactions to the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to teach patients to increase fluid intake when taking sulfonamides?

    <p>To prevent crystalluria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of teaching patients to wear sunglasses and sunblock when taking sulfonamides?

    <p>To prevent phototoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of monitoring renal function in a patient taking sulfonamides?

    <p>To monitor for nephrotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should a patient taking sulfonamides avoid taking dairy products or antacids?

    <p>To increase the absorption of the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of monitoring for rash and superinfection in a patient taking sulfonamides?

    <p>To monitor for adverse reactions to the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should a patient taking sulfonamides take the medication on an empty stomach?

    <p>To increase the absorption of the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of teaching patients to report bruising or bleeding when taking sulfonamides?

    <p>To monitor for adverse reactions to the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Monitoring and Teaching

    • Monitor for signs and symptoms of allergic reaction, superinfection, and organ toxicity
    • Monitor vital signs and increase fluids to prevent dehydration
    • Teach patients to take the entire prescribed dose, and to report signs of superinfection (yeast infection)
    • Teach patients to use buttermilk, yogurt, acidophilus milk, or probiotics to maintain GI flora
    • Teach patients to recognize signs and symptoms of allergy

    Antibiotics Overview

    • Antibiotics can be bacteriostatic (inhibit growth) or bactericidal (kill bacteria)
    • Mechanisms of action include:
      • Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
      • Alteration of membrane permeability
      • Inhibition of protein synthesis
      • Inhibition of synthesis of bacterial RNA and DNA
      • Interference with metabolism within the cell

    Penicillin and Cephalosporins

    • Penicillin:
      • Narrow-spectrum and broad-spectrum types
      • Action: inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
      • Side effects: GI distress, hypersensitivity, bleeding, superinfection
      • Contraindications: allergy to penicillin or cephalosporin, severe kidney disease
    • Cephalosporins:
      • Generations: first to fifth
      • Use: bacterial infections
      • Side effects: GI upset, dizziness, headache, superinfection, bleeding, allergic reaction
      • Contraindications: severe kidney disease, penicillin or cephalosporin allergy

    Nursing Process

    • Assessment: assess for allergies, renal and liver function, review lab results and I & O
    • Nursing interventions:
      • Obtain C&S before giving first dose
      • Administer antibiotics over 30-45 minutes
      • Monitor vital signs and I & O

    Practice Questions

    • Priority nursing intervention for a patient with a draining wound is to obtain a culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing of infectious organism (C&S)
    • When teaching a patient about cephalosporin therapy, inform them to report signs of superinfection, such as mouth ulcers or discharge from the anal or genital area

    Uses of Sulfonamides

    • Used in synergistic effect to delay bacterial resistance
    • Used to treat urinary infections and MRSA
    • Alternative therapy for patients allergic to penicillin

    Routes of Administration

    • Oral
    • IV
    • Topical
    • Ophthalmic

    Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

    • GI distress
    • Stomatitis
    • Photosensitivity
    • Hypoglycemia
    • Blood dyscrasias (RBC's, WBC's, platelets)
    • Crystalluria leading to renal failure
    • Stevens-Johnson syndrome

    Contraindications

    • Renal or liver disease
    • Anemia
    • Caution in older adults and diabetes

    Interactions

    • Increases bleeding with warfarin
    • Increases effect of hypoglycemics
    • Increases digoxin level

    Assessment

    • Vital signs
    • Renal function (urine output/labs)
    • Medical history/medication history
    • Allergies
    • CBC (baseline)

    Nursing Interventions

    • Obtain C&S
    • Administer with full glass of water
    • Increase fluid intake to at least 2000 mL/day
    • Monitor I&O, VS, and CBC
    • Monitor for bleeding, CBC, and renal function
    • Monitor for rash and superinfection
    • Avoid during third trimester
    • Best given on an empty stomach

    Teaching

    • Increase fluids to several quarts a day
    • Do not take antacids with medication
    • Warn patient if allergic to other sulfa drugs
    • Teach to minimize side effects
    • Teach to report adverse reactions (bruising or bleeding)
    • Wear sunglasses and sunblock when outdoors

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    Related Documents

    PCN and Cephalosporins NUR 210 Unit 10 (2023) Galen PPP.pptx
    Sulfonamides NUR 210 Unit 10 (2023) Galen PPP.pptx

    Description

    This quiz covers the importance of monitoring patients undergoing antibiotic treatment, recognizing signs and symptoms of allergic reactions, and teaching patients to maintain good health practices. It also provides an overview of antibiotics.

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