22 Questions
What is the recommended duration for completing treatment to prevent hypersensitivity and complications to rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis?
10 days
Which of the following is NOT recommended in the nursing management for a sore throat patient?
Instructing to have a spicy food diet
What is an important instruction to give a patient regarding the temperature of saline for gargling?
It should be as hot as the client can tolerate
In severe situations, what may be needed for a sore throat patient according to the text?
IV fluids
What is the nursing diagnosis mentioned related to a sore throat patient?
Acute pain related to inflammation of the throat
'Encourage the client to avoid exposure to irritants, smoking, secondhand smoke, cold, and alcohol.' This instruction is given in the text for what purpose?
To prevent worsening of symptoms and promote recovery
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of influenza?
Abdominal pain
Which complication is most commonly associated with influenza in children?
Otitis media
Which of the following is NOT a recommended nursing management for influenza?
Administering cough syrup
Which of the following is typically NOT required for the diagnosis of influenza?
Blood test
Which of the following is a common symptom of bronchiolitis in infants?
All of the above
What is a recommended measure for preventing the spread of influenza?
Avoiding close contact with infected individuals
Which of the following is the causative agent of influenza?
Orthomyxovirus
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of influenza?
Chest pain
Which of the following is a preventive measure for influenza?
Regular exercise
Which of the following viruses is the primary causative agent of bronchiolitis?
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Which of the following is a symptom of bronchiolitis?
Bluish color of skin
Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic test for pneumonia?
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Which of the following is a treatment option for viral pneumonia?
Antipyretics
Which of the following is a nursing management strategy for pneumonia?
Encouraging coughing and deep breathing
Which of the following is a preventive measure for respiratory tract infections?
Using air pollution masks
Which of the following is a symptom of bronchiolitis in infants?
Wheezing
Study Notes
Influenza (Flu)
- Caused by orthomyxovirus influenza type A, B, C
- Incubation period: average 2 days, can occur throughout the year in tropical countries
- Symptoms: sore throat, cough, fever, weakness, rhinitis, headache
- Can cause mild to severe illness, sometimes leading to death
- Transmission: airborne
- Management: antipyretic medication, antiviral (oseltamivir phosphate or Tamiflu), Vit C, increased fluid intake, rest, and isolation
- Prevention: use air pollution mask, vaccination, eat healthy and fresh food, exercise regularly, wash hands, get enough rest, and avoid the rain and infected patients
Bronchiolitis
- Inflammation of fine small bronchi and bronchioles
- Caused by adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, and RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)
- Symptoms: sore throat, wheezing, bluish color of skin, difficulty breathing, fever, runny nose, and dry cough
- Assessment: 1 or 2 days of upper respiratory tract infection, sudden nasal flaring, increased respiratory rate, mild fever, leukocytosis, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- Management: antipyretics, adequate hydration, and watchful eye for progression to more serious illness; hospitalization for severe cases
- Prevention: anti-RSV immunoglobulin, oxygenation, nebulized bronchodilators, mechanical ventilation, and isolation
Pneumonia
- Inflammatory condition of the lungs where alveoli fill with fluid or blood
- Symptoms: fever, chills, cough, chest pain, muscles aches, fatigue, headache, and shortness of breath
- Diagnosis: chest x-ray, blood tests, sputum culture, pulse oximetry, and chest CT scan
- Treatment: dependent on severity, causative agent, and supportive and symptomatic management
- Management: oxygenation, antipyretics, fluids, and cough suppressants (not recommended)
- Hospitalization: neonates, immunocompromised, and those with chronic diseases
Nursing Management
- Monitor respiratory distress, labored respirations, cyanosis, and cold and clammy skin
- Provide CPT (chest physical therapy), encourage coughing and deep breathing, and use of incentive spirometer
- Position client in semi-fowler position to facilitate breathing and lung expansion
- Change client's position frequently and ambulate as tolerated to mobilize secretions
- Perform nasotracheal suctioning if necessary
- Monitor for signs of pneumonia, such as nasal flaring, inspiratory and expiratory granting, and retractions
- Monitor for complications, such as otitis media, laryngitis, sinusitis, bronchiolitis, and asthma
This quiz covers the antibiotic treatment guidelines for community-acquired infections, focusing on medications like cephalosporins and broad-spectrum macrolides. It also includes recommendations on completing the treatment, post-treatment urinalysis, symptom management, and hydration strategies.
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