Antibiotic Treatment Guidelines for Community-acquired Infections

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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended duration for completing treatment to prevent hypersensitivity and complications to rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis?

21 days

5 days

14 days

10 days (correct)

Which of the following is NOT recommended in the nursing management for a sore throat patient?

Instructing to apply an ice collar to severe sore throats

Instructing to have a spicy food diet (correct)

Encouraging gargling with warm saline

Encouraging increased fluid intake

What is an important instruction to give a patient regarding the temperature of saline for gargling?

It should be at room temperature

It should be as hot as the client can tolerate (correct)

It should be lukewarm

It should be cold for better effectiveness

In severe situations, what may be needed for a sore throat patient according to the text?

IV fluids Signup and view all the answers

What is the nursing diagnosis mentioned related to a sore throat patient?

Acute pain related to inflammation of the throat Signup and view all the answers

'Encourage the client to avoid exposure to irritants, smoking, secondhand smoke, cold, and alcohol.' This instruction is given in the text for what purpose?

To prevent worsening of symptoms and promote recovery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of influenza?

Abdominal pain Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is most commonly associated with influenza in children?

Otitis media Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended nursing management for influenza?

Administering cough syrup Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is typically NOT required for the diagnosis of influenza?

Blood test Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of bronchiolitis in infants?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended measure for preventing the spread of influenza?

Avoiding close contact with infected individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the causative agent of influenza?

Orthomyxovirus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of influenza?

Chest pain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a preventive measure for influenza?

Regular exercise Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses is the primary causative agent of bronchiolitis?

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of bronchiolitis?

Bluish color of skin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic test for pneumonia?

Electrocardiogram (ECG) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment option for viral pneumonia?

Antipyretics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a nursing management strategy for pneumonia?

Encouraging coughing and deep breathing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a preventive measure for respiratory tract infections?

Using air pollution masks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of bronchiolitis in infants?

Wheezing Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Influenza (Flu)

Caused by orthomyxovirus influenza type A, B, C
Incubation period: average 2 days, can occur throughout the year in tropical countries
Symptoms: sore throat, cough, fever, weakness, rhinitis, headache
Can cause mild to severe illness, sometimes leading to death
Transmission: airborne
Management: antipyretic medication, antiviral (oseltamivir phosphate or Tamiflu), Vit C, increased fluid intake, rest, and isolation
Prevention: use air pollution mask, vaccination, eat healthy and fresh food, exercise regularly, wash hands, get enough rest, and avoid the rain and infected patients

Bronchiolitis

Inflammation of fine small bronchi and bronchioles
Caused by adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, and RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)
Symptoms: sore throat, wheezing, bluish color of skin, difficulty breathing, fever, runny nose, and dry cough
Assessment: 1 or 2 days of upper respiratory tract infection, sudden nasal flaring, increased respiratory rate, mild fever, leukocytosis, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Management: antipyretics, adequate hydration, and watchful eye for progression to more serious illness; hospitalization for severe cases
Prevention: anti-RSV immunoglobulin, oxygenation, nebulized bronchodilators, mechanical ventilation, and isolation

Pneumonia

Inflammatory condition of the lungs where alveoli fill with fluid or blood
Symptoms: fever, chills, cough, chest pain, muscles aches, fatigue, headache, and shortness of breath
Diagnosis: chest x-ray, blood tests, sputum culture, pulse oximetry, and chest CT scan
Treatment: dependent on severity, causative agent, and supportive and symptomatic management
Management: oxygenation, antipyretics, fluids, and cough suppressants (not recommended)
Hospitalization: neonates, immunocompromised, and those with chronic diseases

Nursing Management

Monitor respiratory distress, labored respirations, cyanosis, and cold and clammy skin
Provide CPT (chest physical therapy), encourage coughing and deep breathing, and use of incentive spirometer
Position client in semi-fowler position to facilitate breathing and lung expansion
Change client's position frequently and ambulate as tolerated to mobilize secretions
Perform nasotracheal suctioning if necessary
Monitor for signs of pneumonia, such as nasal flaring, inspiratory and expiratory granting, and retractions
Monitor for complications, such as otitis media, laryngitis, sinusitis, bronchiolitis, and asthma

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Description

This quiz covers the antibiotic treatment guidelines for community-acquired infections, focusing on medications like cephalosporins and broad-spectrum macrolides. It also includes recommendations on completing the treatment, post-treatment urinalysis, symptom management, and hydration strategies.