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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of iron in the body?
What is the main function of iron in the body?
What is the major source of calcium in the world?
What is the major source of calcium in the world?
What is the most important dietary source of iodine?
What is the most important dietary source of iodine?
Which of the following minerals is NOT involved in the immune system?
Which of the following minerals is NOT involved in the immune system?
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What is the main function of water in the body?
What is the main function of water in the body?
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How much water is recommended per day for an adult person?
How much water is recommended per day for an adult person?
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What is one of the ways the body loses water?
What is one of the ways the body loses water?
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Which of the following is a function of water in the body?
Which of the following is a function of water in the body?
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What is the recommended frequency of water intake for children?
What is the recommended frequency of water intake for children?
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What is a consequence of not drinking enough water?
What is a consequence of not drinking enough water?
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What is the equivalent unit of measurement in pharmacy practice for cm3?
What is the equivalent unit of measurement in pharmacy practice for cm3?
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Which of the following is a common way to express drug doses in pharmacy?
Which of the following is a common way to express drug doses in pharmacy?
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What is the primary unit of length in the SI system?
What is the primary unit of length in the SI system?
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How are clinical laboratory values expressed in metric units?
How are clinical laboratory values expressed in metric units?
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What is the correct way to write a decimal value in pharmacy practice?
What is the correct way to write a decimal value in pharmacy practice?
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What is the purpose of using the SI system in pharmacy practice?
What is the purpose of using the SI system in pharmacy practice?
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How are solid dosage forms typically prepared in pharmacy practice?
How are solid dosage forms typically prepared in pharmacy practice?
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What is the equivalent of 1000 millimeters in the metric system?
What is the equivalent of 1000 millimeters in the metric system?
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What is the equivalent of 9876 mg in grams?
What is the equivalent of 9876 mg in grams?
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How do you add or subtract quantities in the SI?
How do you add or subtract quantities in the SI?
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What is the first step in adding 1 kg, 250 mg, and 7.5 g?
What is the first step in adding 1 kg, 250 mg, and 7.5 g?
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What is the primary unit of volume in the metric system?
What is the primary unit of volume in the metric system?
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What is the total weight of the substances in a capsule containing 0.075 g, 20 mg, 0.0005 g, 4 mg, and 500 µg?
What is the total weight of the substances in a capsule containing 0.075 g, 20 mg, 0.0005 g, 4 mg, and 500 µg?
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How many milliliters are equal to 1 liter?
How many milliliters are equal to 1 liter?
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What is the primary unit of weight in the SI system?
What is the primary unit of weight in the SI system?
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What is the result of subtracting 2.5 mg from 4.85 g?
What is the result of subtracting 2.5 mg from 4.85 g?
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What is the name of the system of measurement widely used in the United States for measuring body weight and selling goods?
What is the name of the system of measurement widely used in the United States for measuring body weight and selling goods?
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How many micrograms are equal to 1 milligram?
How many micrograms are equal to 1 milligram?
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How do you reduce a metric denomination to the next smaller denomination?
How do you reduce a metric denomination to the next smaller denomination?
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How do you change a metric denomination to the next larger denomination?
How do you change a metric denomination to the next larger denomination?
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What is the recommended way to write quantities of weight in prescription writing style?
What is the recommended way to write quantities of weight in prescription writing style?
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What is the recommended way to write quantities of volume in prescription writing style?
What is the recommended way to write quantities of volume in prescription writing style?
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Study Notes
Nutrition and Health
- Fruits and vegetables are the main sources of “GLOW” foods, which are essential for promoting body immunity and regulatory functions.
- Fortified foods, including iodized salt, are also good sources of “GLOW” foods.
Nutrients in Food
- Nutrients are substances contained in food that nourish the body and are required to maintain general health and physiological functions.
- There are three major categories of nutrients: macronutrients, micronutrients, and water.
Macronutrients
- Macronutrients are required in large amounts and include:
- Carbohydrates: primary source of energy, including starches, fiber, and sugars.
- Proteins: body-building foods required for growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues.
- Fats/oils: provide energy, build body cells, and facilitate the absorption and use of fat-soluble vitamins.
Carbohydrate Requirements
- Individual carbohydrate requirements vary according to age, sex, physical activity level, and physiological status.
- The recommended daily carbohydrate intake should provide about 45% to 65% of the total body energy/calorie requirements of 2000–3000 kilocalories (kcal).
Protein Requirements
- The recommended intake of protein each day is about 1 gram per kilogram of body weight.
- Extra protein is required during illness, convalescence, and after surgery.
Classification of Foods
- Foods can be classified according to their functions in the body:
- Energy-giving foods (“GO” foods): rich in carbohydrates and fats, providing energy to the body.
- Body-building foods (“GROW” foods): rich in protein, helping to maintain life and promote growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues.
- Protective (“GLOW” foods): rich in minerals and vitamins, essential for promoting body immunity and regulatory functions.
Fats and Oils
- Fats and oils are derived from both animal and plant sources and are rich in energy.
- They can be divided into saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, with saturated fats increasing the risk of heart disease.
Dietary Fibre
- Dietary fibre increases the body’s sense of satisfaction, protecting against constipation and helping to slow the body’s absorption of sugar and cholesterol.
- Main sources of dietary fibre include whole grains, vegetables, legumes, and fruits.
Micronutrients
- Micronutrients are required by the body in small amounts and include vitamins and minerals.
- Vitamins are organic compounds that perform specific metabolic functions in the body, divided into fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins.
- Minerals are required for normal functioning of body processes, including growth, development, water balance, and neurological processes.
Water
- Water maintains fluid balance, cell turgidity, and is a solvent for certain nutrients, used in removing excreta and keeping parts of the body moist.
- Drink at least 2-3 litres of water per day, especially in hot weather, to avoid dehydration.
Pharmacy Practice and SI Units
- In pharmacy practice, cm³ is considered equivalent to milliliter, but the symbol cc for cubic centimeter is not an accepted SI symbol.
- Decimal fractions are used, not common fractions, and zeros should be placed in front of leading decimal points to prevent medication errors.
Use of SI in Pharmacy
- The SI system is used to manufacture and label pharmaceutical products, write, fill, and compound prescriptions and institutional medication orders, and express clinical laboratory test results.
- Drug doses are typically administered in milligram or microgram amounts and prepared in solid dosage forms or in a stated volume of a liquid preparation.
- Doses for certain drugs are calculated on the basis of body weight and expressed as mg/kg.
Measure of Length
- The meter is the primary unit of length in the SI system.
- The table of metric length includes units such as kilometer, hectometer, dekameter, decimeter, centimeter, millimeter, micrometer, and nanometer.
Measure of Volume
- The liter is the primary unit of volume in the SI system.
- The table of metric volume includes units such as kiloliter, hectoliter, dekaliter, liter, deciliter, centiliter, milliliter, and microliter.
Measure of Weight
- The primary unit of weight in the SI system is the gram, which is the weight of 1 cm³ of water at 4°C.
- The table of metric weight includes units such as kilogram, hectogram, dekagram, gram, decigram, centigram, milligram, microgram, nanogram, picogram, and femtogram.
Prescription Writing Style using SI
- Quantities of weight are usually written as grams and decimals of a gram, and volumes as milliliters and decimals of a milliliter.
Fundamentals Computations
- To reduce SI units to lower or higher denominations, use a unit position scale by moving the decimal point one place to the right or left.
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Description
Learn about the importance of fruits and vegetables in promoting body immunity and the different categories of nutrients in food for maintaining general health.
