12 Questions
What percentage of the Philippine society is composed of Manggagawa?
15%
Who was the first president of the 3rd Republic and the last president of the Commonwealth?
Manuel Roxas
What was the agreement that pushed for 'agricultural productivity' rather than redistribution to poor peasants?
Land Reform Code
Which president's economic programs irritated both Chinese and American business interests in the country?
Carlos Garcia
What was the value of the Philippine peso in terms of the US dollar during Ferdinand Marcos' presidency?
$1=P6.00
Who was the president during which the Huk rebellion commenced in 1948?
Elpidio Quirino
What significant event in the Korean War led to the deployment of Filipino troops under Elpidio Quirino's presidency?
UN/South Korean side
What was the primary goal of the land reform code enacted during Diosdado Macapagal's presidency?
Agricultural productivity
What was the significant economic consequence of Ferdinand Marcos' presidency?
Devaluation of the peso
What was the military agreement that allowed for the deployment of Filipino troops during Elpidio Quirino's presidency?
Mutual Defense Treaty with the United States
What was the result of Ramon Magsaysay's implementation of the Laurel-Langley Agreement?
Crushing of the Huk rebellion
What was the impact of Carlos Garcia's economic policies on foreign business interests?
Irritation of Chinese and American business interests
Study Notes
Social Classes in the Philippines
- 75% of the population are farmers (magsasaka)
- 15% are workers (manggagawa)
- 7-8% are petit bourgeoisie
- 1-2% are national bourgeoisie
- 1% are landlords (panginoong maylupa) or big comprador bourgeoisie
Presidents of the Third Republic
Manuel Roxas (1946-1948)
- First president of the 3rd Republic and last president of the Commonwealth
- Transition from colony to neocolony
- Signed the Bell Trade Act and the Military Bases Agreement
- Repressed peasants in Central Luzon
Elpidio Quirino (1948-1953)
- Second president of the 3rd Republic
- Huk rebellion began in 1948
- Signed the Mutual Defense Treaty with the United States and JUSMAG
- Sent Filipino troops to the UN/South Korean side during the Korean War
Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957)
- Third president of the 3rd Republic
- Former Defense Secretary under Quirino
- Signed and implemented the Laurel-Langley Agreement
- Crushed the Huk rebellion
Carlos Garcia (1957-1961)
- Fourth president of the Third Republic
- Implemented the "Filipino First" policy, which irritated both Chinese and American business interests
- Threatened with coup by some AFP officers due to nationalist economic programs and suspected links with Indonesia's Sukarno
Diosdado Macapagal (1961-1965)
- Fifth president of the Third Republic
- Implemented decontrol of the economy and devaluation of the peso from $1=P2.00 to P3.90
- Enacted a land reform code that pushed for “agricultural productivity” rather than redistribution to poor peasants
Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1972)
- Sixth and last president of the Third Republic
- Sent the PHILCAG to the South Vietnamese side during the Vietnam War
- Devalued the peso to $1=P6.00
- Re-elected in the 1969 elections, one of the dirtiest in PH political history
- Declared martial law in 1972, ending the Third Republic
- Political repression and chronic socioeconomic crisis led to the founding of CPP-NPA, MNLF, etc.
Social Classes in the Philippines
- 75% of the population are farmers (magsasaka)
- 15% are workers (manggagawa)
- 7-8% are petit bourgeoisie
- 1-2% are national bourgeoisie
- 1% are landlords (panginoong maylupa) or big comprador bourgeoisie
Presidents of the Third Republic
Manuel Roxas (1946-1948)
- First president of the 3rd Republic and last president of the Commonwealth
- Transition from colony to neocolony
- Signed the Bell Trade Act and the Military Bases Agreement
- Repressed peasants in Central Luzon
Elpidio Quirino (1948-1953)
- Second president of the 3rd Republic
- Huk rebellion began in 1948
- Signed the Mutual Defense Treaty with the United States and JUSMAG
- Sent Filipino troops to the UN/South Korean side during the Korean War
Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957)
- Third president of the 3rd Republic
- Former Defense Secretary under Quirino
- Signed and implemented the Laurel-Langley Agreement
- Crushed the Huk rebellion
Carlos Garcia (1957-1961)
- Fourth president of the Third Republic
- Implemented the "Filipino First" policy, which irritated both Chinese and American business interests
- Threatened with coup by some AFP officers due to nationalist economic programs and suspected links with Indonesia's Sukarno
Diosdado Macapagal (1961-1965)
- Fifth president of the Third Republic
- Implemented decontrol of the economy and devaluation of the peso from $1=P2.00 to P3.90
- Enacted a land reform code that pushed for “agricultural productivity” rather than redistribution to poor peasants
Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1972)
- Sixth and last president of the Third Republic
- Sent the PHILCAG to the South Vietnamese side during the Vietnam War
- Devalued the peso to $1=P6.00
- Re-elected in the 1969 elections, one of the dirtiest in PH political history
- Declared martial law in 1972, ending the Third Republic
- Political repression and chronic socioeconomic crisis led to the founding of CPP-NPA, MNLF, etc.
Explore the social classes in the Philippines and learn about the presidents of the Third Republic, including Manuel Roxas and his significant contributions to the country's transition.
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