Philippine Social Classes and Politics
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Philippine Social Classes and Politics

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the Philippine society is composed of Manggagawa?

  • 1-2%
  • 75%
  • 15% (correct)
  • 7-8%
  • Who was the first president of the 3rd Republic and the last president of the Commonwealth?

  • Ramon Magsaysay
  • Diosdado Macapagal
  • Elpidio Quirino
  • Manuel Roxas (correct)
  • What was the agreement that pushed for 'agricultural productivity' rather than redistribution to poor peasants?

  • Land Reform Code (correct)
  • Bell Trade Act
  • Mutual Defense Treaty
  • Laurel-Langley Agreement
  • Which president's economic programs irritated both Chinese and American business interests in the country?

    <p>Carlos Garcia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the value of the Philippine peso in terms of the US dollar during Ferdinand Marcos' presidency?

    <p>$1=P6.00</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the president during which the Huk rebellion commenced in 1948?

    <p>Elpidio Quirino</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event in the Korean War led to the deployment of Filipino troops under Elpidio Quirino's presidency?

    <p>UN/South Korean side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the land reform code enacted during Diosdado Macapagal's presidency?

    <p>Agricultural productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significant economic consequence of Ferdinand Marcos' presidency?

    <p>Devaluation of the peso</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the military agreement that allowed for the deployment of Filipino troops during Elpidio Quirino's presidency?

    <p>Mutual Defense Treaty with the United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of Ramon Magsaysay's implementation of the Laurel-Langley Agreement?

    <p>Crushing of the Huk rebellion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of Carlos Garcia's economic policies on foreign business interests?

    <p>Irritation of Chinese and American business interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Social Classes in the Philippines

    • 75% of the population are farmers (magsasaka)
    • 15% are workers (manggagawa)
    • 7-8% are petit bourgeoisie
    • 1-2% are national bourgeoisie
    • 1% are landlords (panginoong maylupa) or big comprador bourgeoisie

    Presidents of the Third Republic

    Manuel Roxas (1946-1948)

    • First president of the 3rd Republic and last president of the Commonwealth
    • Transition from colony to neocolony
    • Signed the Bell Trade Act and the Military Bases Agreement
    • Repressed peasants in Central Luzon

    Elpidio Quirino (1948-1953)

    • Second president of the 3rd Republic
    • Huk rebellion began in 1948
    • Signed the Mutual Defense Treaty with the United States and JUSMAG
    • Sent Filipino troops to the UN/South Korean side during the Korean War

    Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957)

    • Third president of the 3rd Republic
    • Former Defense Secretary under Quirino
    • Signed and implemented the Laurel-Langley Agreement
    • Crushed the Huk rebellion

    Carlos Garcia (1957-1961)

    • Fourth president of the Third Republic
    • Implemented the "Filipino First" policy, which irritated both Chinese and American business interests
    • Threatened with coup by some AFP officers due to nationalist economic programs and suspected links with Indonesia's Sukarno

    Diosdado Macapagal (1961-1965)

    • Fifth president of the Third Republic
    • Implemented decontrol of the economy and devaluation of the peso from $1=P2.00 to P3.90
    • Enacted a land reform code that pushed for “agricultural productivity” rather than redistribution to poor peasants

    Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1972)

    • Sixth and last president of the Third Republic
    • Sent the PHILCAG to the South Vietnamese side during the Vietnam War
    • Devalued the peso to $1=P6.00
    • Re-elected in the 1969 elections, one of the dirtiest in PH political history
    • Declared martial law in 1972, ending the Third Republic
    • Political repression and chronic socioeconomic crisis led to the founding of CPP-NPA, MNLF, etc.

    Social Classes in the Philippines

    • 75% of the population are farmers (magsasaka)
    • 15% are workers (manggagawa)
    • 7-8% are petit bourgeoisie
    • 1-2% are national bourgeoisie
    • 1% are landlords (panginoong maylupa) or big comprador bourgeoisie

    Presidents of the Third Republic

    Manuel Roxas (1946-1948)

    • First president of the 3rd Republic and last president of the Commonwealth
    • Transition from colony to neocolony
    • Signed the Bell Trade Act and the Military Bases Agreement
    • Repressed peasants in Central Luzon

    Elpidio Quirino (1948-1953)

    • Second president of the 3rd Republic
    • Huk rebellion began in 1948
    • Signed the Mutual Defense Treaty with the United States and JUSMAG
    • Sent Filipino troops to the UN/South Korean side during the Korean War

    Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957)

    • Third president of the 3rd Republic
    • Former Defense Secretary under Quirino
    • Signed and implemented the Laurel-Langley Agreement
    • Crushed the Huk rebellion

    Carlos Garcia (1957-1961)

    • Fourth president of the Third Republic
    • Implemented the "Filipino First" policy, which irritated both Chinese and American business interests
    • Threatened with coup by some AFP officers due to nationalist economic programs and suspected links with Indonesia's Sukarno

    Diosdado Macapagal (1961-1965)

    • Fifth president of the Third Republic
    • Implemented decontrol of the economy and devaluation of the peso from $1=P2.00 to P3.90
    • Enacted a land reform code that pushed for “agricultural productivity” rather than redistribution to poor peasants

    Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1972)

    • Sixth and last president of the Third Republic
    • Sent the PHILCAG to the South Vietnamese side during the Vietnam War
    • Devalued the peso to $1=P6.00
    • Re-elected in the 1969 elections, one of the dirtiest in PH political history
    • Declared martial law in 1972, ending the Third Republic
    • Political repression and chronic socioeconomic crisis led to the founding of CPP-NPA, MNLF, etc.

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    Explore the social classes in the Philippines and learn about the presidents of the Third Republic, including Manuel Roxas and his significant contributions to the country's transition.

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