Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who is argued by some to have originated management theory?
Who is argued by some to have originated management theory?
- Peter Drucker
- Frederick Taylor
- Nicocolé Michiavelli (correct)
- Adam Smith
When did management undergo systematic investigation and become a formal discipline?
When did management undergo systematic investigation and become a formal discipline?
- During the last century (correct)
- In ancient times
- Since the Industrial Revolution
- In the 19th century
What is the main reason for studying management theory?
What is the main reason for studying management theory?
- To develop professional competence (correct)
- To understand the history of management
- To understand the different approaches to management
- To become a better manager
What approach to management focuses on the application of quantitative methods to solve problems?
What approach to management focuses on the application of quantitative methods to solve problems?
What is the name of the theory that suggests that management is affected by uncertainty and unpredictability?
What is the name of the theory that suggests that management is affected by uncertainty and unpredictability?
What is the benefit of studying management theory, according to the text?
What is the benefit of studying management theory, according to the text?
What is the main purpose of Think Point 2.1?
What is the main purpose of Think Point 2.1?
What is a 'theory' in the context of management?
What is a 'theory' in the context of management?
What influences the development of management theories?
What influences the development of management theories?
What is the primary purpose of Figure 2.1?
What is the primary purpose of Figure 2.1?
What is the main characteristic of the Classical Approach to management?
What is the main characteristic of the Classical Approach to management?
What led to the emergence of the Classical Approach to management?
What led to the emergence of the Classical Approach to management?
How do later management theories relate to earlier theories?
How do later management theories relate to earlier theories?
What is the purpose of studying management theories?
What is the purpose of studying management theories?
What is depicted in Figure 2.2?
What is depicted in Figure 2.2?
What is the main difference between Manager A and Manager B in Think Point 2.1?
What is the main difference between Manager A and Manager B in Think Point 2.1?
What was the main goal of the Scientific Management Theory?
What was the main goal of the Scientific Management Theory?
Who is credited with developing the Gantt Chart?
Who is credited with developing the Gantt Chart?
Which of the following is a principle of Frederick Taylor's Scientific Management Theory?
Which of the following is a principle of Frederick Taylor's Scientific Management Theory?
What was the main limitation of the Scientific Management Theory?
What was the main limitation of the Scientific Management Theory?
Who is recognised as Europe's greatest management pioneer?
Who is recognised as Europe's greatest management pioneer?
What are the five basic functions of administration identified by Henri Fayol?
What are the five basic functions of administration identified by Henri Fayol?
What is the main difference between the Scientific Management Theory and Administrative Management Theory?
What is the main difference between the Scientific Management Theory and Administrative Management Theory?
What is the theory of bureaucratic management developed by Max Weber?
What is the theory of bureaucratic management developed by Max Weber?
What is the main contribution of the Administrative Management Theory to the field of management?
What is the main contribution of the Administrative Management Theory to the field of management?
Who built on the work of Frederick Taylor and focused on work simplification?
Who built on the work of Frederick Taylor and focused on work simplification?
What is the primary focus of Chaos Theory in complex systems?
What is the primary focus of Chaos Theory in complex systems?
According to Tetenbaum, what characterizes the information age of the present?
According to Tetenbaum, what characterizes the information age of the present?
What is the main difference between the industrial era and the information age, according to Tetenbaum?
What is the main difference between the industrial era and the information age, according to Tetenbaum?
What is the term for the complex, self-organizing, and adaptive systems described by Chaos Theory?
What is the term for the complex, self-organizing, and adaptive systems described by Chaos Theory?
What is the term for the process of systems achieving equilibrium after an event has disturbed the balance?
What is the term for the process of systems achieving equilibrium after an event has disturbed the balance?
Which theory emphasizes that systems can achieve their outputs through different ways or system configurations?
Which theory emphasizes that systems can achieve their outputs through different ways or system configurations?
What is the term for the dynamic and complex nature of the contemporary management environment?
What is the term for the dynamic and complex nature of the contemporary management environment?
What is the characteristic of a chaordic organisation, as described by Tetenbaum?
What is the characteristic of a chaordic organisation, as described by Tetenbaum?
What is the benefit of a contingency approach to management, according to the text?
What is the benefit of a contingency approach to management, according to the text?
What is the term for the systems' ability to maintain a state of balance within the greater system in which it operates?
What is the term for the systems' ability to maintain a state of balance within the greater system in which it operates?
Which of the following approaches focuses on the application of mathematical techniques to improve decision-making?
Which of the following approaches focuses on the application of mathematical techniques to improve decision-making?
What is a key shortcoming of the Classical Approach, the Behavioural & Human Relations Approach, and the Quantitative Approach?
What is a key shortcoming of the Classical Approach, the Behavioural & Human Relations Approach, and the Quantitative Approach?
What is the principle of synergy in systems theory?
What is the principle of synergy in systems theory?
What is the concept of congruence in Nadler & Tushman's model?
What is the concept of congruence in Nadler & Tushman's model?
What are the four main components of an organisation according to Nadler & Tushman's Congruence Model?
What are the four main components of an organisation according to Nadler & Tushman's Congruence Model?
What is a characteristic of an open system?
What is a characteristic of an open system?
What is internal interdependence in a system?
What is internal interdependence in a system?
What is equilibrium in a system?
What is equilibrium in a system?
What is a system defined as?
What is a system defined as?
What is the benefit of achieving congruence in an organisation?
What is the benefit of achieving congruence in an organisation?
What is a key characteristic of a chaordic organisation?
What is a key characteristic of a chaordic organisation?
According to Tetenbaum, what is the role of management in facilitating the move to a chaordic organisation?
According to Tetenbaum, what is the role of management in facilitating the move to a chaordic organisation?
What is the primary focus of Total Quality Management (TQM)?
What is the primary focus of Total Quality Management (TQM)?
What is a key principle of The Learning Organisation approach?
What is a key principle of The Learning Organisation approach?
What is the primary goal of Re-engineering?
What is the primary goal of Re-engineering?
What is a major criticism of the Classical Management Approach?
What is a major criticism of the Classical Management Approach?
Why do Micklethwait and Wooldridge argue that management theory is characterised by a mixture of legitimate approaches and damaging management fads?
Why do Micklethwait and Wooldridge argue that management theory is characterised by a mixture of legitimate approaches and damaging management fads?
What was the main focus of the Behavioural & Human Relations Approach?
What was the main focus of the Behavioural & Human Relations Approach?
What is the solution to the problem of management fads according to Donaldson & Hilmer?
What is the solution to the problem of management fads according to Donaldson & Hilmer?
What is the primary concern of the bank in the Practical Application 2.2?
What is the primary concern of the bank in the Practical Application 2.2?
Who is credited with making significant contributions to the Behavioural & Human Relations Approach?
Who is credited with making significant contributions to the Behavioural & Human Relations Approach?
What was the main finding of the Hawthorne Experiment?
What was the main finding of the Hawthorne Experiment?
What is the main message of Micklethwait & Wooldridge regarding management fads?
What is the main message of Micklethwait & Wooldridge regarding management fads?
What is a key characteristic of a learning organisation?
What is a key characteristic of a learning organisation?
What is the focus of the Classical Approach to management?
What is the focus of the Classical Approach to management?
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon observed in the Hawthorne Experiment?
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon observed in the Hawthorne Experiment?
What is the primary purpose of management theory, according to the text?
What is the primary purpose of management theory, according to the text?
What is the consequence of management fads, according to Donaldson and Hilmer?
What is the consequence of management fads, according to Donaldson and Hilmer?
What is the main benefit of studying management theory?
What is the main benefit of studying management theory?
What is the main difference between Theory X and Theory Y managers?
What is the main difference between Theory X and Theory Y managers?
What is the primary characteristic of the Behavioural & Human Relations Approach to management?
What is the primary characteristic of the Behavioural & Human Relations Approach to management?
What is the main contribution of the Behavioural & Human Relations Approach to the field of management?
What is the main contribution of the Behavioural & Human Relations Approach to the field of management?
What is a limitation of the Behavioural & Human Relations Approach?
What is a limitation of the Behavioural & Human Relations Approach?
What is the main theme of the section summarized in 2.6?
What is the main theme of the section summarized in 2.6?
What is the main focus of the Quantitative Approach?
What is the main focus of the Quantitative Approach?
What is another name for the Quantitative Approach?
What is another name for the Quantitative Approach?
What is the primary goal of business management?
What is the primary goal of business management?
Which of the following is a key function of business management?
Which of the following is a key function of business management?
What is the role of top-level management in a business?
What is the role of top-level management in a business?
What is the primary focus of the controlling function of business management?
What is the primary focus of the controlling function of business management?
What is the role of middle management in a business?
What is the role of middle management in a business?
Which of the following is NOT a key function of business management?
Which of the following is NOT a key function of business management?
What is the primary role of supervisors in a business?
What is the primary role of supervisors in a business?
What is SWOT analysis used for in business management?
What is SWOT analysis used for in business management?
What is an important aspect of effective communication in business management?
What is an important aspect of effective communication in business management?
What is the purpose of performance metrics in business management?
What is the purpose of performance metrics in business management?
What is involved in strategic thinking in business management?
What is involved in strategic thinking in business management?
What is budgeting and financial management involved in business management?
What is budgeting and financial management involved in business management?
Study Notes
Evolution of Management Theory
- Management theory is argued to have originated with Niccolò Machiavelli, while others argue that the Egyptians were the first management thinkers.
- The study of management theory is critical in developing a holistic understanding of the discipline and professional competence.
Why Study Management Theory?
- The study of management theory helps to develop a framework of principles that guide management-related actions.
- Understanding management theory provides a sound basis for predicting future events.
Understanding Management Theory
- A theory is a coherent group of assumptions that explain the relationship between two or more observable facts and provide a sound basis for predicting future events.
- Environmental forces such as political, social, economic, ecological, and international forces shape management thought.
Theories of Management
- The Classical Approach includes:
- Scientific Management Theory (focus on increasing productivity)
- Administrative Management Theory (focus on increasing productivity at the organisational level)
- The Behavioural & Human Relations Approach focuses on the needs of the worker.
- The Quantitative Approach focuses on the use of rigorous quantitative techniques to increase productivity.
- Contemporary Approaches include:
- Systems Theory
- Contingency Theory
- Chaos Theory
The Classical Approach
- Scientific Management Theory:
- Emerged in response to the Industrial Revolution
- Focus on increasing productivity through:
- Job division and specialisation
- Recordings of new methods of performing tasks
- Matching workers' skills and abilities with task requirements
- Determining an acceptable level of performance
- Administrative Management Theory:
- Focus on increasing productivity at the organisational level
- Henri Fayol's 14 principles of management
- Max Weber's theory of bureaucratic management
The Behavioural & Human Relations Approach
- Focus on the needs of the worker
- Emerged in response to the Classical Approach
- Contributions from:
- Mary Parker Follett
- Elton Mayo
- Douglas McGregor
The Quantitative Approach
- Focus on the use of rigorous quantitative techniques to increase productivity
- Includes:
- Quantitative management
- Operations management
- Total Quality Management (TQM)
- Management information systems (MIS)
Contemporary Approaches
- Systems Theory:
- Views the organisation as a purposeful and unified system
- Focus on the interrelated components of the organisation
- The concept of congruence refers to achieving an appropriate balance between the parts of the organisation
- Contingency Theory:
- Focus on the dynamic environment in which organisations operate
- Managers need to tailor their management approach to the particular situation
- Chaos Theory:
- Focus on the complexity and nonlinear relationships in organisations
- Acknowledges the dynamic nature of the contemporary management environment
- Incorporates the concept of self-organising entities### Chaordic Organisation
- A chaordic organisation is decentralised, non-hierarchical, and evolving
- Characteristics of a chaordic organisation include:
- Knowledge and information sharing
- Innovation and creativity
- Teamwork and project orientation
- Diversity
- Strong core values
- The role of management in facilitating the move to a chaordic organisation includes:
- Managing the transition
- Building resilience to change
- Destabilising the system
- Managing complexity and paradox
- Creating and maintaining a learning organisation
Contemporary Management Theories
- Total Quality Management (TQM) focuses on the achievement of quality through the prevention of mistakes
- Central principles of TQM include:
- Strong emphasis on the customer
- Focus on continual improvement
- Quality improvement in all organisational activities
- Accurate measurement
- Employee empowerment
- The Learning Organisation approach, advocated by Peter Senge, involves:
- Commitment to lifelong learning
- Challenging assumptions and generalisations
- Sharing the organisation's vision
- Promoting active dialogue within the organisation
- Encouraging systems thinking
- Re-engineering, put forth by Hammer & Champy, involves:
- Redesigning organisational processes to create and sustain value for customers while managing costs
Management Theory or Management Fad?
- The proliferation of management theories can be ascribed to the existence of a management theory industry
- Management theory is a young discipline, negatively influenced by managers' demands for instant solutions
- Management fads often fail to bring about the benefits they claim
- Solutions to the problem of management fads include:
- Establishing management as a profession
- Adopting a medium to long-term view
- Being selective and learning to differentiate between effective and ineffective management approaches
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Description
This quiz covers the evolution of management theory, its importance, and different approaches such as classical, behavioral, and quantitative. It also explores contemporary management theories like systems, contingency, and chaos theories, and their applications.
