Immune Response and Inflammation Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which cells are responsible for the release of histamine?

  • Mast cells (correct)
  • Red blood cells
  • Neutrophils
  • Platelets

    • What is the main function of inflammatory mediators?

  • Prevent blood flow to the affected area
  • Coordinate the body's response to injury or infection (correct)
  • Promote the growth of bacteria
  • Transport oxygen to the affected area

    • What is the role of venular contraction in inflammation?

  • Causes endothelial cells to contract, increasing permeability (correct)
  • Reduces blood viscosity
  • Prevents immune cells from reaching the affected area
  • Promotes migration of red blood cells

    • How do histamine and sluggishness of blood stream contribute to inflammation?

    <p>Histamine allows migration of immune cells and slows down the blood stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of pain in tissue injury according to the text?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme release leads to the production of prostaglandin, causing pain?

    <p>Cyclooxygenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of bradykinin in the body?

    <p>Causing pain due to swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stimulus for the release of acute phase proteins?

    <p>IL-6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main systemic cause of inflammation according to the text?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for the removal of toxic materials from the body?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the fibrous inflammation in the heart according to the text?

    <p>Acts like a cheese between two breads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are primarily responsible for chronic inflammation?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of fever in the body according to the text?

    <p>IL-6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of helper T cells in the immune response?

    <p>Stimulate B cells and cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme pathway leads to the release of leukotrienes and activation of neutrophils?

    <p>Leukotriene pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of histamine release in the body?

    <p>Causing pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of kinin system?

    <p>Vascular permeability and bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for the release of lysosomes?

    <p>Neutrophils and macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of mast cells in response to injury?

    <p>Release preformed granules containing histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell is the major player of acute inflammation?

    <p>Neutrophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of lysosomal components?

    <p>Digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the complement system is responsible for the release of histamine?

    <p>C3a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of platelets in response to injury?

    <p>Vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the fibrinolytic system?

    <p>Prevent excessive blood clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the kinin cascade?

    <p>Stimulate vascular permeability and bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin in the clotting cascade?

    <p>Thrombin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of C5a in the complement system?

    <p>Anaphylatoxin release and leukocyte chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cytokines?

    <p>Regulate immune and inflammatory responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for the release of chemical mediators like histamine and serotonin in response to injury and inflammation?

    <p>Mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of preformed granules containing anaphylatoxins from mast cells?

    <p>IgE binding to FcR receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are responsible for histamine release as part of the complement system?

    <p>C5a and C3a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system, activated by exposure of collagen and basement membrane, is related to clotting cascade and fibrinolysis?

    <p>Kinin system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway of the complement system involves C1qrs stimulating C4 and C2 to form C3 convertase, leading to cell lysis?

    <p>Classical pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein, expressed in the complement system, causes macrophages to identify antigens and initiate phagocytosis?

    <p>C3b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main responsibility of platelets in response to injury and inflammation?

    <p>Release activating factors responsible for vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are major players in acute inflammation?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kinin cascade in response to injury and inflammation?

    <p>Activation of the fibrinolytic system and complement cascade, releasing histamine and causing bronchospasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for chronic inflammation and the release of lysosomes?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the complement system in inflammation?

    <p>Involvement in leukocyte chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for the release of activating factors responsible for vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immune Response and Inflammation Process Overview

    • Mast cells, basophils, and platelets respond to injury and inflammation by releasing chemical mediators like histamine and serotonin
    • Mast cells have FcR receptors which, when bound by IgE, trigger the release of preformed granules containing anaphylatoxins
    • Anaphylatoxins, like C5a and C3a, are part of the complement system and are responsible for histamine release
    • The complement system comprises 20 proteins, and some proteins have subunits; C5a and C3a cause anaphylatoxin release
    • The kinin system, activated by exposure of collagen and basement membrane, is related to clotting cascade and fibrinolysis
    • The kinin cascade leads to the activation of the fibrinolytic system and complement cascade, releasing histamine and causing bronchospasm
    • The clotting cascade involves factor 12 activation, resulting in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, initiating blood clot formation
    • The complement system, comprising proteins from C1 to C9, has a cellular phase of inflammation and is involved in leukocyte chemotaxis
    • C3b, expressed in the complement system, causes macrophages to identify antigens and initiate phagocytosis
    • The classical pathway of the complement system involves C1qrs stimulating C4 and C2 to form C3 convertase, leading to cell lysis
    • Platelets release activating factors responsible for vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion, contributing to the inflammatory response
    • Neutrophils are major players in acute inflammation, while macrophages are responsible for chronic inflammation and the release of lysosomes

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    Inflammatory Mediators PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the immune response and the inflammatory process, including the role of mast cells, basophils, platelets, complement system, kinin cascade, and cellular inflammation.

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