40 Questions
Which cells are responsible for the release of histamine?
Mast cells
What is the main function of inflammatory mediators?
Coordinate the body's response to injury or infection
What is the role of venular contraction in inflammation?
Causes endothelial cells to contract, increasing permeability
How do histamine and sluggishness of blood stream contribute to inflammation?
Histamine allows migration of immune cells and slows down the blood stream
What is the main source of pain in tissue injury according to the text?
Histamine
Which enzyme release leads to the production of prostaglandin, causing pain?
Cyclooxygenase
What is the main effect of bradykinin in the body?
Causing pain due to swelling
What is the primary stimulus for the release of acute phase proteins?
IL-6
What is the main systemic cause of inflammation according to the text?
Fever
Which cells are responsible for the removal of toxic materials from the body?
Macrophages
What is the main function of the fibrous inflammation in the heart according to the text?
Acts like a cheese between two breads
Which type of cells are primarily responsible for chronic inflammation?
Macrophages
What is the main source of fever in the body according to the text?
IL-6
What is the primary role of helper T cells in the immune response?
Stimulate B cells and cytotoxic T cells
Which enzyme pathway leads to the release of leukotrienes and activation of neutrophils?
Leukotriene pathway
What is the primary effect of histamine release in the body?
Causing pain
What is the function of kinin system?
Vascular permeability and bronchoconstriction
Which cells are responsible for the release of lysosomes?
Neutrophils and macrophages
What is the main function of mast cells in response to injury?
Release preformed granules containing histamine
Which cell is the major player of acute inflammation?
Neutrophil
What is the nature of lysosomal components?
Digestive enzymes
Which component of the complement system is responsible for the release of histamine?
C3a
What is the main function of platelets in response to injury?
Vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion
What is the role of the fibrinolytic system?
Prevent excessive blood clot formation
What is the function of the kinin cascade?
Stimulate vascular permeability and bronchoconstriction
Which protein converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin in the clotting cascade?
Thrombin
What is the responsibility of C5a in the complement system?
Anaphylatoxin release and leukocyte chemotaxis
What is the main function of the cytokines?
Regulate immune and inflammatory responses
Which cells are responsible for the release of chemical mediators like histamine and serotonin in response to injury and inflammation?
Mast cells
What triggers the release of preformed granules containing anaphylatoxins from mast cells?
IgE binding to FcR receptors
Which proteins are responsible for histamine release as part of the complement system?
C5a and C3a
Which system, activated by exposure of collagen and basement membrane, is related to clotting cascade and fibrinolysis?
Kinin system
Which pathway of the complement system involves C1qrs stimulating C4 and C2 to form C3 convertase, leading to cell lysis?
Classical pathway
Which protein, expressed in the complement system, causes macrophages to identify antigens and initiate phagocytosis?
C3b
What is the main responsibility of platelets in response to injury and inflammation?
Release activating factors responsible for vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion
Which cells are major players in acute inflammation?
Neutrophils
What is the primary function of the kinin cascade in response to injury and inflammation?
Activation of the fibrinolytic system and complement cascade, releasing histamine and causing bronchospasm
Which cells are responsible for chronic inflammation and the release of lysosomes?
Macrophages
What is the primary role of the complement system in inflammation?
Involvement in leukocyte chemotaxis
Which cells are responsible for the release of activating factors responsible for vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion?
Platelets
Study Notes
Immune Response and Inflammation Process Overview
- Mast cells, basophils, and platelets respond to injury and inflammation by releasing chemical mediators like histamine and serotonin
- Mast cells have FcR receptors which, when bound by IgE, trigger the release of preformed granules containing anaphylatoxins
- Anaphylatoxins, like C5a and C3a, are part of the complement system and are responsible for histamine release
- The complement system comprises 20 proteins, and some proteins have subunits; C5a and C3a cause anaphylatoxin release
- The kinin system, activated by exposure of collagen and basement membrane, is related to clotting cascade and fibrinolysis
- The kinin cascade leads to the activation of the fibrinolytic system and complement cascade, releasing histamine and causing bronchospasm
- The clotting cascade involves factor 12 activation, resulting in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, initiating blood clot formation
- The complement system, comprising proteins from C1 to C9, has a cellular phase of inflammation and is involved in leukocyte chemotaxis
- C3b, expressed in the complement system, causes macrophages to identify antigens and initiate phagocytosis
- The classical pathway of the complement system involves C1qrs stimulating C4 and C2 to form C3 convertase, leading to cell lysis
- Platelets release activating factors responsible for vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion, contributing to the inflammatory response
- Neutrophils are major players in acute inflammation, while macrophages are responsible for chronic inflammation and the release of lysosomes
Test your knowledge of the immune response and the inflammatory process, including the role of mast cells, basophils, platelets, complement system, kinin cascade, and cellular inflammation.
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