Inflammation Process
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Questions and Answers

Which type of cells are mostly involved in the emigration to tissues during inflammation?

  • Eosinophils
  • Macrophages
  • PMN/Neutrophils (correct)
  • Lymphocytes

    • What is the first step in all inflammatory reactions?

  • Emigration of activated leukocytes to tissues
  • Tissue necrosis
  • Edema
  • Recognition of the offending agent (correct)

    • What is the result if the acute inflammatory response fails to clear the stimulus?

  • The stimulus is eliminated
  • The reaction stops
  • Inflammation is resolved
  • The response progresses to a protracted phase (correct)

    • What are the main characteristics of chronic inflammation?

    <p>Longer in duration and associated with more tissue destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of receptors in inflammation?

    <p>To recognize the offending agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the receptors for microbes usually seen?

    <p>In plasma membrane, endosomes, and cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inflammation is associated with more tissue destruction?

    <p>Chronic inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is edema a result of?

    <p>Exudation of fluid and plasma proteins to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of liver regeneration after resection up to 90% of the liver?

    <p>Proliferation of remaining hepatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of granulation tissue formation in liver injury?

    <p>Increased deposition of collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is repopulation from progenitor cells necessary in liver regeneration?

    <p>When the proliferative capacity of hepatocytes is impaired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of epithelial cells in wound healing?

    <p>To respond to locally produced growth factors and migrate over the wound to cover it up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for restoration of normal tissue structure in liver regeneration?

    <p>The residual tissue must be structurally intact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of endothelial cells and pericytes in wound healing?

    <p>To proliferate to form new blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the eventual outcome of granulation tissue formation?

    <p>Formation of a stable fibrous scar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is not capable of proliferating?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fibroblasts in wound healing?

    <p>To proliferate and lay down collagen fibers to form the scar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these factors is not a key component of cell and tissue regeneration?

    <p>Tissue too severely injured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key determinant of the ability of tissues to repair themselves?

    <p>The presence of tissue stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driver of cell proliferation?

    <p>Growth factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cell proliferation?

    <p>It provides a scaffold for cell growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a cell after it has undergone regeneration?

    <p>It returns to its normal state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a tissue with a high capacity for regeneration?

    <p>A high density of stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely outcome of a tissue injury that is too severe to regenerate?

    <p>Scarring or connective tissue deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of WBC and plasma proteins at the site of injury during inflammation?

    <p>To destroy the injuring agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically characterizes localized inflammation?

    <p>It is largely confined to the site of infection or damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the resolution phase of inflammation?

    <p>Damaged tissue undergoes repair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible outcome of systemic inflammation?

    <p>Sepsis due to severe bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the inflammatory reaction that is systemic in nature?

    <p>Sepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common manifestation of localized inflammation?

    <p>Increased vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the activation of WBC and plasma proteins after the injury has been addressed?

    <p>It is terminated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main process involved in tissue repair when complete restitution is not possible?

    <p>Fibrous scar formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can systemic inflammation be caused by?

    <p>A severe bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these cells are primarily responsible for producing growth factors during tissue repair?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fibrous scar formation in tissue repair?

    <p>To provide structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tissues is known for its remarkable regenerative capacity?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of granulation tissue?

    <p>Formation of dense, organized collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of organizing pneumonia?

    <p>Fibrosis developing in the lung tissue occupied by inflammatory exudate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process that drives cell proliferation during tissue repair?

    <p>Cell signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a source of growth factors during tissue repair?

    <p>Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Recruitment of Leukocytes

    • White blood cells (WBC) and plasma proteins are recruited to the site of injury during local and systemic inflammation.
    • Inflammation is usually localized but can exhibit systemic effects, such as fever, indicating a broader response.
    • Rare cases of systemic inflammation, like sepsis, occur during severe bacterial infections.

    Removal of the Agent

    • Activated WBCs and plasma proteins aim to eliminate the injuring agent.
    • Local response is concentrated around the site of damage, while systemic response indicates widespread body inflammation.

    Main Characteristics of Inflammation

    • Key features include edema, due to fluid and plasma protein exudation, and the migration of activated leukocytes, primarily neutrophils.
    • Prominence of innate immunity is evident in immune reactions.

    Recognition of Microbes

    • Initial step in inflammatory reactions involves recognizing offending agents through receptors on cell membranes.
    • Receptors identify microbes and cell damage products, triggering inflammation.
    • Different receptors are located at plasma membranes (for extracellular microbes), endosomes (for ingested microbes), and cytosol (for intracellular microbes).

    Chronic Inflammation

    • Occurs when acute inflammation fails to eliminate the stimulus, leading to prolonged inflammatory response.
    • Characterized by increased tissue destruction and presence of lymphocytes and macrophages.

    Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration

    • Tissue regeneration depends on intrinsic proliferative capacity and presence of stem cells.
    • Cell proliferation is driven by growth factors and the integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM).

    Liver Regeneration

    • The liver demonstrates significant regenerative capacity, which occurs through remaining hepatocyte proliferation or repopulation from progenitor cells.
    • After major liver injury, residual hepatocytes can compensate, aided by cytokines and growth factors.

    Formation of Granulation Tissue

    • Granulation tissue forms through fibroblast migration and proliferation, leading to the deposition of loose connective tissue.
    • This tissue undergoes transformation into fibrous scar tissue, which provides structural stability albeit not normal function.

    Cellular Roles in Tissue Repair

    • Epithelial cells respond to growth factors and migrate to cover wounds.
    • Endothelial cells and pericytes are involved in angiogenesis, forming new blood vessels.
    • Fibroblasts contribute to scar formation by laying down collagen fibers at the injury site.

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    Related Documents

    General Pathology: Inflammation And Repair PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the steps of the inflammation process, including the recruitment of leukocytes and removal of the agent, and how it can manifest as both local and systemic inflammation.

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