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Questions and Answers
What does 'Pakikipagpalagayang-loob' refer to in Filipino psychology?
Which core value includes the concept of 'Pakikilahok'?
What does 'Kagandahang-loob' signify?
Which concept is defined as 'grattitude/solidarity'?
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Which value reflects 'resentment/guts'?
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How is 'Karangalan' best described in the context of Filipino psychology?
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Who created Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao?
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What is the role of 'Pakikiramdam' in Filipino psychology?
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Which culture-bound syndrome involves a sudden loss of control followed by a killing frenzy and a subsequent memory loss?
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What is the primary characteristic of the Filipino syndrome 'Bangungot'?
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Which native healing practice involves the use of massage during pregnancy?
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Which practice addresses the intense cravings of pregnant women to prevent abnormalities in the child?
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What does the Filipino healing practice 'Pagtatawas' utilize in its diagnostic and treatment methods?
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In which healing practice is coconut oil, alcohol, and urine used as a remedy?
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What is the underlying cause of the condition known as Usog?
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Which healing practice is commonly used to reverse the effects of stepping on a punso?
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Which syndrome is associated with the term 'fight sickness'?
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Which model of data collection has contributors interacting only to the extent of waiting for others to stop responding?
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Which individual established the Philippine Psychology Research House (PPRH)?
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Who introduced the 'groping' approach in their study on pagkalalaki?
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Which significant person articulated the concept of cultural disparity among Filipinos?
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Who provided a more appropriate translation of hiya as 'sense of propriety'?
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Who chaired the Unang Pambansang Kumperensya sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino in 1975?
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Which individual asserted that 'hiya' should be translated as 'sense of propriety'?
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Who was the first psychologist to analyze Bahala na by comparing it with American fatalism?
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Study Notes
Culture Bound Syndromes and Native Healing Practices
Examples of Filipino Culture-Bound Syndromes
- Amok: a Malayan mood disorder characterized by a sudden loss of control, killing frenzy, hallucinations, and trance, followed by no memory of the event.
- Bangungot: a belief that a person dreams of falling into a deep abyss at the onset of their death.
Native Filipino Healing Practices
- Hilot: a practice that uses massage to help pregnant mothers manage discomfort and aid in child delivery.
- Kulam: a folk magic that uses earth, fire, herbs, spices, candles, oils, and kitchenware to create rituals, charms, and spells.
- Lihi: a practice that believes satisfying intense cravings of a mother can prevent abnormality in a child.
- Pasma: a condition caused by the combination of heat and cold, manifesting as trembling hands and sweaty palms, and is treated with coconut oil, alcohol, and urine.
- Susto: a "fight sickness" caused by sudden intense fear, where the soul separates from the body, and is cured through ceremonial cleansing and sweeping or drinking tea made from lemon or vinegar.
- Pagtatawas: a method that uses tawas (alum) to diagnose and treat a culture-bound syndrome while whispering prayers to the patient.
- Usog: a belief that a baby becomes ill after being greeted by a stranger, and is prevented through the use of "kontra-usog" materials like beaded bracelets.
- Gaba/Gabaa: a condition treated by applying coconut oil or azete de manzanilla to warm the baby's belly, and is believed to be caused by divine retribution or karma.
Models of Data Collection in the Study of Filipino Psychology
- Self-Orientation: a model where the data collector and contributors relate to each other only until the other stops responding.
- Experimenter Orientation: a model where the data collectors appear to influence while the data contributors appear to be influenced.
Basic Tenets in Filipino Psychology
Core Value/Kapwa
- Defined as togetherness and has two categories: Ibang Tao (outsider) and Hindi-Ibang Tao (one-of-us).
- Ibang Tao:
- Pakikitungo (transaction/civility)
- Pakikisalamuha (interaction with)
- Pakikilahok (joining/participating)
- Pakikibagay (in-conformity with)
- Pakikisama (being along with)
- Hindi-Ibang Tao:
- Pakikipagpalagayang-loob (being in rapport, acceptance, or understanding)
- Pakikisangkot (getting involved)
- Pakikiisa (being one with others)
Pivotal Interpersonal Value
- Pakikiramdam: the shared inner perception, a kind of emotional a priori, and a request to feel or be sensitive to.
Colonial/Accommodative Surface Values
- Hiya: propriety/dignity
- Utang na loob: gratitude/solidarity
- Pakikisama: companionship/esteem
Confrontative Surface Values
- Bahala na: determination, an adaptive coping strategy when faced with difficult situations
- Sama/lakas ng loob: resentment/guts, being courageous amidst problems
- Pakikibaka: resistance, ability to undertake revolutions and uprisings against a common enemy
Linking Socio-Personal Value
- Kagandahang-loob (shared humanity): being able to help others in dire need as a result of the belief of united Filipino humanity
Societal Values
- Karangalan (dignity): what others see in a person and how they use it to judge a person's worth
- Katarungan (justice): equity in giving rewards to people
- Kalayaan (freedom): takes the form of individuality against conformity
Significant People/Persons/Individuals
- Virgilio Gaspar Enriquez
Culture-Bound Syndromes
- Also known as "folk illnesses", culture-bound syndromes are combinations of psychiatric and somatic symptoms recognized as diseases within a specific culture.
- Characterized by unpredictable and chaotic behavior, they are often viewed as exotic and uncivilized.
Filipino Culture-Bound Syndromes
- Amok: a Malayan mood disorder where a person suddenly loses control, goes into a killing frenzy, and then hallucinates and falls into a trance, with no memory of the event.
- Bangungot: a dream of falling into a deep abyss at the onset of death.
Native Filipino Healing Practices
- Hilot: massage to help pregnant mothers manage discomforts during pregnancy and aid in delivery.
- Kulam: folk magic using earth, fire, herbs, spices, candles, oils, and kitchenware for rituals, charms, spells, and potions.
- Lihi: satisfying intense cravings of a pregnant mother to prevent child abnormality.
- Pasma: caused by conflicting heat and cold in the body, treated with coconut oil, alcohol, and urine.
- Susto: "fight sickness" or sudden intense fear, cured through ceremonial cleansing and sweeping, or drinking lemon or vinegar tea.
- Pagtatawas: diagnosis and treatment of culture-bound syndrome using alum, whispers, and prayers.
- Usog: a mysterious illness in babies after being greeted by a stranger, prevented using "kontra-usog" materials like beaded bracelets.
- Gaba/Gabaa: divine retribution or karma, treated with coconut oil or azete de manzanilla to warm the baby's belly.
Models of Data Collection in Filipino Psychology
- Self-Orientation: data collector and contributors relate only until the other stops responding.
- Experimenter Orientation: data collectors influence, while contributors appear to be influenced.
Core Values in Filipino Psychology (Kapwa)
-
Ibang Tao (Outsider):
- Pakikitungo: right behavior towards authorities.
- Pakikisalamuha: adapting in social situations.
- Pakikilahok: participating in community to help others.
- Pakikibagay: conforming to others.
- Pakikisama: being united with the group.
-
Hindi-Ibang Tao (One-of-us):
- Pakikipagpalagayang-loob: mutual trust and understanding.
- Pakikisangkot: joining others.
- Pakikiisa: being one with others.
Pivotal Interpersonal Values
- Pakikiramdam: shared inner perception, emotional a priori, and sensitivity.
Colonial/Accommodative Surface Values
- Hiya: propriety/dignity.
- Utang na loob: gratitude/solidarity.
- Pakikisama: companionship/esteem.
Confrontative Surface Values
- Bahala na: determination, adaptive coping strategy.
- Sama/lakas ng loob: resentment/courage amidst problems.
- Pakikibaka: resistance against a common enemy.
Linking Socio-Personal Values
- Kagandahang-loob: shared humanity, helping others in need.
Societal Values
- Karangalan: dignity, judging a person's worth based on what others see.
- Katarungan: justice, equity in rewarding people.
- Kalayaan: freedom, individuality against conformity.
Significant People/Persons/Individuals
- Virgilio Gaspar Enriquez
Culture-Bound Syndromes and Native Healing Practices
Filipino Culture-Bound Syndromes
- Amok: a mood disorder characterized by sudden loss of control, killing frenzy, hallucinations, and trance-like state, with no memory of the event afterwards.
- Bangungot: a dream of falling into a deep abyss, believed to be an omen of impending death.
Native Filipino Healing Practices
- Hilot: a massage technique to aid pregnant mothers in managing discomfort and delivery.
- Kulam: a folk magic practice using earth, fire, herbs, spices, candles, oils, and kitchenware for rituals and charms.
- Lihi: a practice to prevent birth abnormalities by satisfying a mother's intense cravings.
- Pasma: a condition caused by heat and cold in the body, manifesting as trembling hands and sweaty palms, treated with coconut oil, alcohol, and urine.
- Susto: a "fight sickness" or sudden intense fear, cured through ceremonial cleansing and tea made from lemon or vinegar.
- Pagtatawas: a method using tawas (alum) and prayers to diagnose and treat culture-bound syndromes.
- Usog: a mysterious illness in babies, prevented by using "kontra-usog" materials like beaded bracelets.
- Gaba/Gabaa: treated with coconut oil or azete de manzanilla applied to the baby's belly.
Models of Data Collection in the Study of Filipino Psychology
- Self-Orientation: data collector and contributors relate to each other until the other stops responding.
- Experimenter Orientation: data collectors influence data contributors.
Core Value/Kapwa
- Defined as togetherness with two categories: Ibang Tao ("Outsider") and Hindi-Ibang Tao ("One-of-us").
- Ibang Tao: includes Pakikitungo (transaction/civility), Pakikisalamuha (social interaction), Pakikilahok (participation), Pakikibagay (conformity), and Pakikisama (being united with the group).
- Hindi-Ibang Tao: includes Pakikipagpalagayang-loob (mutual trust), Pakikisangkot (getting involved), and Pakikiisa (being one with others).
Pivotal Interpersonal Value
- Pakikiramdam: shared inner perception, emotional a priori, and mutual understanding.
Colonial/Accommodative Surface Values
- Hiya: propriety/dignity.
- Utang na loob: gratitude/solidarity.
- Pakikisama: companionship/esteem.
Confrontative Surface Value
- Bahala na: determination and adaptive coping strategy in difficult situations.
- Sama/lakas ng loob: resentment/guts and courage amidst problems.
- Pakikibaka: resistance and ability to undertake revolutions and uprisings.
Linking Socio-Personal Value
- Kagandahang-loob: shared humanity and helping others in need.
Societal Values
- Karangalan: dignity and judging a person's worth.
- Katarungan: justice and equity in rewards.
- Kalayaan: freedom and individuality against conformity.
Significant Individuals
- Virgilio Gaspar Enriquez
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