Reciprocity and Gratitude in Filipino Culture

18 Questions

What is the norm expected from Filipinos in terms of returning favors?

Returning favors whether asked for or not.

Which value is described as 'Heightened Awareness/Sensitivity of the Individual'?

Pakiramdam

What concept involves showing proper gratitude by returning a favor with interest?

Norm of Reciprocity

Which value is linked to an internal state of emotion focused on external stimuli?

Pakiramdam

In Filipino culture, what does 'Utang na Loob' primarily refer to?

Debt of gratitude.

'Hiya' in Filipino culture can be both positive and negative. What does 'Hiya' refer to?

Sense of propriety.

What does 'Pakikisama' refer to in Filipino Psychology?

Being united with the group

Which term describes the act of getting involved and joining others according to Filipino Psychology?

Pakikisangkot

What is the significance of 'Kapwa' in Filipino Psychology?

Being one with others, oneness

According to Filipino Psychology, what does 'Hiya' primarily refer to?

Sense of shame or embarrassment

Which concept is closely related to the idea of 'Utang na Loob' in Filipino culture?

Feeling for another

In the context of Filipino Psychology, what best describes 'Walang Pakiramdam o Walang Kapwa Tao'?

Worse off than any of the 'evil' characters

What does 'hiya' mean according to Lynch (1961)?

The uncomfortable feeling that comes with awareness of socially unacceptable actions

Which term is used to describe 'debt of gratitude'?

Utang na Loob

What does 'nakakahiya' refer to based on Bonifacio (1976)?

Embarrassing

How did Lynch (1961 & 1973) define 'Pakikisama'?

Smooth interpersonal relationship by conforming to the group decision

What does 'Walang Hiya' represent as one of the three evil characteristics?

'Shameless'

What does 'Magandang Loob - Tungo sa gawa' emphasize?

'Shared humanity and helping others in need'

Study Notes

Kapwa and Pakiramdam

Pakikibagay refers to being in accordance with the group, conforming, and being socially accepted.
Pakikisama is being united with the group, adjusting, and being along with others.
Antas ng Pakikipagugnayan refers to the act of mutual trust, being in rapport, understanding, and acceptance.
Pakikisangkot refers to the act of getting involved and joining others.
Pakikpagkaisa is being one with others, oneness, and being one with.
Pakiramdam refers to heightened awareness, sensitivity, and a desirable skill that involves emotional sharing and feeling for another.

Pakiramdam and Filipino Psychology

Pakiramdam is a pivotal interpersonal value in Filipino Psychology.
There are two categories of Kapwa: Biro Lambing Tampo and Dalawang Kategorya ng Kapwa.
Filipinos use damdam, or inner perception, and walang pakiramdam o walang kapwa tao is considered worse than being evil.

Katutubong Pamamaraan sa Pananaliksik

There is no quantitative research in Filipino Psychology, only qualitative research.
Hollnsteiner (1961) claimed that the recipient of a favor is forced to show gratitude properly by returning the favor with interest.

Filipino Values

Pakiramdam is connected to other values such as Utang na Loob, Pakikipagkapwa, Ramdam, and Damdam.
Utang na Loob refers to the debt of gratitude and the norm of reciprocity.
Hiya refers to the sense of propriety, shame, or an uncomfortable feeling that accompanies awareness of being in a socially unacceptable position.
Nakakahiya refers to something that is embarrassing, Napahiya refers to being placed in an awkward position, and Ikinahiya refers to being embarrassed with someone.
Pakikisama refers to smooth interpersonal relationships, conformity with the group, and going along with the majority decision.
Three evil characteristics are Walang Hiya, Walang Utang na Loob, and Walang Pakisama.
Kagandahang Loob refers to shared humanity, being able to help others in dire needs, and perception of being together as a part of one Filipino community.

BAHALA NA

BAHALA NA refers to leaving things to chance or fate.
Bostrom (1968) was the first psychologist to analyze this value by comparing it with American fatalism.

Explore the concept of reciprocity and gratitude in Filipino culture as it relates to the norm of reciprocation and the expectation to return favors. Delve into the idea of showing proper gratitude and the plea for common humanity.

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