Filipino Material Culture and Arts

• Culture is the overall way of life shared by people in a community or society.
• Culture is divided into material and non-material aspects.

Material Culture

• Refers to physical objects used in daily life, created by Filipinos.
• Examples include houses, clothing, food, furniture, products, and factories.
• Art is a component of material culture.

Examples of Filipino Art

• "The Making of the Filipino Flag" by Fernando Amorsolo.
• "Spolarium" by Juan Luna.
• "Grandean Arabesque" by Jose Joya.
• "The Fisherman" by Ang Kiukok.

Housing

• Bahay Kubo is made of nipa and bamboo.
• Rakuh is a stone house of the Ivatan in Batanes.
• Lepa is a house on stilts, floats, and is used by Sama-Badjao in Mindanao.
• Torogan is a decorated house for tribe members of high social status in Maranao.

Musical Instruments

• Made of bamboo, wood, and metal.
• Kulintang is a percussion instrument from Mindanao.
• Kudyapi is a Filipino string instrument.
• Kubing is a Filipino mouth harp made of bamboo.
• Agung is a traditional gong made of brassicles or copper.

Games

• Games are part of Filipino culture.
• Patintero: Players run across lines drawn on the ground while avoiding being tagged.
• Piko: Throwing a stone into numbered boxes drawn on the ground and hopping between the boxes.
• Luksong Tinik: Players jump over ankle-high hurdles.
• Luksong Baka: Players jump over a designated player, the "baka" or "cow".
• Sipa: Players kick woven ball or plastic washer without allowing it to touch the ground.

Folk Dances

• Used to express beliefs, celebrations, gatherings, or milestones.
• Tinikling: Dance from Leyte, inspired by the "tikling" bird's movements.
• Maglalatik: Dance from Laguna, using coconut shells placed on the body.
• Itik-itik: Dance based on the movements of a duck.
• Surtido: Famous square dance from Bantayan, Cebu.
• Tiklos: Native peasant dance of Leyte.

Clothing

• Represents Filipinos' creativity, intelligence, and history.
• Barong Tagalog (for men) and Baro't Saya (for women) found in Tagalog provinces.
• Karangan, putong, and bahag worn by Datu or tribe head and warriors from the Visayas and also the Igorots.

Non-Material Culture

• Refers to the thoughts of a culture
• Includes beliefs, rules, customs, languages, organizations, and institutions

Customs

• Widely accepted, traditional ways of behaving or doing something unique in the community
• Traditions are beliefs or activities passed down from one generation to another

Filipino Values

• Hospitality: Filipinos are known for their kindness and warmth towards guests
• Love for Family: Family is a top priority for Filipinos.
  • Utang na loob: the feeling of of giving back or expressing gratitude for parents' hard work
• Respect for elders is highly valued.
  • Using "po” and “opo” when speaking.
  • Helping elders with errands.
  • Performing “pagmamano".
• Helping others or bayanihan when Filipinos come together to help those in need
• Filipinos are known to be resillient- staying strong and hopeful amidst many disasters
• Pakikiramay/ Giving sympathy- Filipinos care for one another and give sympathy to those who are grieving

Philippines

• Made up of 7,640 islands.
• Located in the Pacific Ocean.
• Has 2,000 liveable islands divided into three major island groups: Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao.

Ethnic Groups

• Groups of people who share language, culture, and traditions
• Found in both rural and urban communities

Indigenous People

• Original inhabitants of a particular place
• Most live in rural areas and experts in farming, fishing, or hunting
• Possess own language, folk songs, dances and traditions

Major Ethnic Groups

• Tagalog: 26% or 30 million people. Cities in Metro Manila or National Capital Region, Region 4A CALABARZON. Speak filipino and wear Barong Tagalog and Baro't Saya
• Bisaya or Visayan: Population: 14.3% or 17 million people. Visayas, including Leyte, Samar, and parts of Mindanao. known for dishes like Kinilaw and Lechon and have musical instruments like kudyapi and agung
• Cebuano: Central Visayas, particularly Cebu, and Mindanao. Speak Cebuano and known for dishes like Cebu Lechon, humba, sinugba and pochero as well hanging rice or puso
• Ilocano: found in Region 1 (Ilocos Region) and a small portion of Region 2. Known for weaving and craftsmanship and known for dishes like empanada, bagnet, pinakbet, and dinengdeng
• Ilonggo: found in Western Visayas, particularly Iloilo, Negros Occidental, and Capiz. Known for dishes like La Paz Batchoy and Chicken Inasal
• Bicolano: Region 5. Spicy dishes like Bicol Express, laing and kinunot
• Kapampangan: Pampanga, Tarlac, Bataan. Known for dishes like tocino, sisig, embotido

Indigenous People

• Native people or aboriginal people
• Original inhabitants of a particular region or place

Major Indigenous Groups

• Aeta (Agta): Known as the Negrito group of the Philippines and Southeast Asia.Found in Luzon, specifically Zambales, Bataan, Palawan, Pampanga, Aurora, and Quezon and weaving and use of agung
• Igorot: Cordillera Mountain Range in Northern Luzon. Known for weaving, rice terrace farming and metal work
• Badjao: Sarangani Bay, General Santos City, as well as coastal areas of Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, Basilan and Zamboanga and living in Lepa Houses and use kulintang in their music.