12 Questions
What percentage of pharyngitis cases are caused by a virus?
90%
What is the name of the virus that causes glandular fever?
Epstein barr virus
What is the term for the buildup of fluid in the sinus area?
Sinusitis
What is the name of the process by which mucociliary escalator does not work well?
Mucociliary dysfunction
What type of infection can occur in people with weakened immune systems?
Fungal infection
What is the term for the inflammation of the voice box?
Laryngitis
What is the primary cause of winter onset respiratory infections?
Rhinoviruses and coronavirus
What can occur in the conjunctiva due to adenovirus infection?
Pus accumulation
What can be a factor in the development of chronic sinusitis?
Allergic reaction
What is the name of the bacteria that has a polysaccharide capsule around it?
Haemophilus
What is the primary symptom of glandular fever?
Throat infection
What is the consequence of not getting enough rest when infected with Epstein-Barr virus?
Prolonged recovery
Study Notes
Rhinitis (鼻炎)
- Caused by viruses such as Rhinoviruses, Coronavirus, RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus), and Parainfluenza
- Can lead to winter onset respiratory influenza
- Inflammation can occur in the pharyngeal area, leading to adenovirus infection and pus in the conjunctiva
- Can mimic bacterial infection
Rhinosinusitis (鼻竇炎)
- Can be fungal in immunocompromised individuals
- Rare and often associated with diabetes
- Characterized by fluid buildup in the sinus area, leading to colonization by organisms and pus production
- Often allergic in the first instance, with anatomical issues affecting drainage ability
- Chronic infection may require drainage, and buildup of a thick, tenacious membrane can occur
Pharyngitis (咽喉炎)
- Caused by viruses in 90% of cases, with GAS (Group A Streptococcus) responsible for the remaining 10%
Laryngitis (喉炎)
- Caused by viruses, with occasional incursion of organisms into the larynx and trachea
- Inflammation occurs when the mucociliary escalator is damaged, allowing viruses to take advantage
Organisms
- Haemophilus has different strains, including one with a polysaccharide capsule (Group B polysaccharide), which is invasive and can cause meningitis
- Haemophilus can cause pus production
- Staph, Strep, and Moraxella are other organisms that can cause infections
Epstein-Barr Virus (愛潑斯坦巴爾病毒)
- Causes glandular fever and infectious mononucleosis
- First growth occurs in the throat, requiring quick diagnosis and rest to prevent prolonged symptoms and chronic fatigue
Rhinitis (鼻炎)
- Caused by viruses such as Rhinoviruses, Coronavirus, RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus), and Parainfluenza
- Can lead to winter onset respiratory influenza
- Inflammation can occur in the pharyngeal area, leading to adenovirus infection and pus in the conjunctiva
- Can mimic bacterial infection
Rhinosinusitis (鼻竇炎)
- Can be fungal in immunocompromised individuals
- Rare and often associated with diabetes
- Characterized by fluid buildup in the sinus area, leading to colonization by organisms and pus production
- Often allergic in the first instance, with anatomical issues affecting drainage ability
- Chronic infection may require drainage, and buildup of a thick, tenacious membrane can occur
Pharyngitis (咽喉炎)
- Caused by viruses in 90% of cases, with GAS (Group A Streptococcus) responsible for the remaining 10%
Laryngitis (喉炎)
- Caused by viruses, with occasional incursion of organisms into the larynx and trachea
- Inflammation occurs when the mucociliary escalator is damaged, allowing viruses to take advantage
Organisms
- Haemophilus has different strains, including one with a polysaccharide capsule (Group B polysaccharide), which is invasive and can cause meningitis
- Haemophilus can cause pus production
- Staph, Strep, and Moraxella are other organisms that can cause infections
Epstein-Barr Virus (愛潑斯坦巴爾病毒)
- Causes glandular fever and infectious mononucleosis
- First growth occurs in the throat, requiring quick diagnosis and rest to prevent prolonged symptoms and chronic fatigue
Learn about the causes, symptoms, and characteristics of Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis, including viral and fungal infections, and their effects on the respiratory and sinus systems.
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