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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the 'binding' suffix?
What is the term for the 'binding' suffix?
What is the term for a 'cell' root?
What is the term for a 'cell' root?
What is the meaning of the prefix 'retro-'?
What is the meaning of the prefix 'retro-'?
What is the term for a 'slow' root?
What is the term for a 'slow' root?
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What is the term for a 'lip' or 'lips on the face' root?
What is the term for a 'lip' or 'lips on the face' root?
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What is the meaning of the prefix 'sub-'?
What is the meaning of the prefix 'sub-'?
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What is the term for the bony structure that forms the base of the shoulder girdle?
What is the term for the bony structure that forms the base of the shoulder girdle?
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What is the term for the hollowed-out area in a bone that forms a joint?
What is the term for the hollowed-out area in a bone that forms a joint?
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What is the term for a cell that breaks down and reabsorbs bone tissue?
What is the term for a cell that breaks down and reabsorbs bone tissue?
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What is the term for the muscle that has the primary responsibility for a movement?
What is the term for the muscle that has the primary responsibility for a movement?
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What is the term for the protein that stores oxygen in muscle cells?
What is the term for the protein that stores oxygen in muscle cells?
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Study Notes
Skeletal System
- The skeletal system consists of two main divisions: axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
- The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum
- The appendicular skeleton includes the upper and lower limbs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle
Bone Structure
- The foramen is a hole in the bone that allows passage of nerves and blood vessels
- Intervertebral disks are shock-absorbing structures between vertebrae
- The pectoral girdle consists of the scapula and clavicle, while the pelvic girdle consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis
- The glenoid cavity is a depression in the scapula that forms a joint with the humerus
- The acetabulum is a cup-like structure in the pelvis that forms a joint with the femur
Bone Cells
- Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation
- Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue
- Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption
Cartilage
- Chondrocytes are mature cartilage cells that maintain cartilage tissue
- Epiphysis is the end of a long bone that forms a joint
- Diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone
Connective Tissue
- Ligaments are fibrous connective tissue that connect bones to each other
Fractures
- A fracture is a break in a bone
Muscles
- Origin is the attachment of a muscle to a bone that does not move
- Insertion is the attachment of a muscle to a bone that does move
- Prime mover is the muscle that produces the main movement
- Antagonist is the muscle that opposes the movement
- Synergist is the muscle that assists the movement
- Fixator is the muscle that stabilizes the joint
Muscle Physiology
- A sarcomere is the functional unit of muscle contraction
- The threshold is the minimum stimulus required to generate an action potential
- An action potential is the electrical impulse that triggers muscle contraction
- The neuromuscular junction is the site where the motor neuron meets the muscle fiber
- Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals between neurons
- Cross-bridge formation and power stroke are the mechanisms of muscle contraction
- Myoglobin is a protein that stores oxygen in muscles
Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes
- Retr(o)- means backwards
- Trans- means through, across, or beyond
- Anti- means against or opposing
- Sub- means under, beneath, or below
- Acro- means extremities
- Cost- means ribs
- Brady- means slow
- Cheil- means lip or lips on the face
- Cyt- means cell
- -desis means binding
- -trophy means development
- -esthesia means sensation or feeling
- -emesis means vomiting
Axial Skeleton
- Consists of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum
- Forms the central axis of the body
Bones
- Osteoblasts: responsible for bone formation
- Osteocytes: mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue
- Osteoclasts: break down and resorb bone tissue
Chondrocytes
- Mature cartilage cells that maintain cartilage tissue
Long Bones
- Epiphysis: ends of the bone
- Diaphysis: shaft of the bone
Joints
- Ligament: connective tissue that connects bones to each other
- Fracture: break in a bone
Muscles
- Origin: attachment point of a muscle to a bone
- Insertion: attachment point of a muscle to another bone or movable part
- Prime mover: muscle responsible for a particular movement
- Antagonist: muscle opposing the prime mover
- Synergist: muscle assisting the prime mover
- Fixator: muscle stabilizing the joint
Muscle Contraction
- Sarcomere: functional unit of muscle contraction
- Threshold: minimum stimulus required to generate an action potential
- Action potential: electrical signal that triggers muscle contraction
- Neuromuscular junction: site where a nerve ending meets a muscle fiber
- Neurotransmitter: chemical released by the nerve ending to trigger muscle contraction
- Cross-bridge: interaction between actin and myosin filaments that generates muscle contraction
- Power stroke: movement of the myosin head that produces muscle contraction
Muscle Function
- Myoglobin: oxygen-binding protein found in muscle cells that stores oxygen for muscle contraction
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of the skeletal system, including the axial and appendicular skeleton, bone structure, and related components.
