Social Cognitive Theory by Albert Bandura
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the key concepts of Social Cognitive Theory mentioned in the text?

  • Observational learning (correct)
  • Behavior modification
  • Operant conditioning
  • Classical conditioning

    • Which factor is NOT highlighted as essential for observational learning in Social Cognitive Theory?

  • Imitating behavior without motivation (correct)
  • Being motivated to imitate based on reinforcement
  • Retaining observed information in memory
  • Paying attention to the model's behavior

    • What drives individuals to imitate behaviors in Social Cognitive Theory according to the text?

  • Fear of punishment
  • Direct personal experiences only
  • Vicarious reinforcement and punishment (correct)
  • An innate desire to mimic others

    • How does Social Cognitive Theory suggest individuals learn, apart from direct experiences?

    <p>By observing others and their outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Social Cognitive Theory, what makes individuals more likely to imitate certain behaviors?

    <p>Vicarious reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field does NOT commonly apply Social Cognitive Theory as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Botany</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does self-efficacy refer to?

    <p>Beliefs in the ability to successfully perform a specific behavior or task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do positive outcome expectations influence behavior?

    <p>Increase the likelihood of engaging in a behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of observing positive outcomes in others?

    <p>Motivates individuals to imitate the behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does reciprocal determinism explain behavior?

    <p>It highlights the dynamic interaction between individuals, behavior, and environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does high self-efficacy influence goal-setting?

    <p>It motivates individuals to set ambitious goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do negative outcome expectations have on behavior?

    <p>Reduce the chances of engaging in a behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Social Cognitive Theory

    • Developed by psychologist Albert Bandura, emphasizing social influences, observational learning, and self-efficacy in shaping behavior.
    • Suggests individuals learn not only through direct experiences but also by observing the actions and outcomes of others, particularly those they perceive as similar to themselves.

    Key Concepts

    • Observational Learning (Modeling)

      • Individuals learn by observing the behavior of others and the consequences of those behaviors.
      • Involves paying attention to a model's behavior, retaining the observed information in memory, reproducing the behavior when appropriate, and being motivated to imitate the behavior based on reinforcement or punishment.

    • Vicarious Reinforcement and Punishment

      • Individuals are more likely to imitate behaviors that are rewarded and less likely to imitate behaviors that are punished when observed in others.
      • Plays a central role in shaping observational learning and behavior.

    • Self-Efficacy

      • Refers to individuals' beliefs in their ability to successfully perform a specific behavior or task.
      • Influences behavior through its impact on motivation, effort, persistence, and resilience.
      • Individuals with high self-efficacy are more likely to engage in challenging tasks, set ambitious goals, and persevere in the face of obstacles.

    • Outcome Expectations

      • Refers to individuals' beliefs about the likely consequences of their actions.
      • Positive outcome expectations increase the likelihood of engaging in a behavior, while negative outcome expectations decrease it.
      • Observing positive outcomes in others can enhance individuals' outcome expectations and motivate them to imitate the behavior.

    • Reciprocal Determinism

      • Emphasizes the dynamic interaction between individuals, their behavior, and their environment.
      • Suggests that behavior is influenced by personal factors (such as cognition and affect), environmental factors (such as social norms and physical surroundings), and behavioral factors (such as actions and responses).
      • These factors interact in a continuous feedback loop, shaping individuals' behavior over time.

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    Description

    Learn about the Social Cognitive Theory developed by psychologist Albert Bandura, which emphasizes the role of social influences, observational learning, and self-efficacy in shaping behavior. This theory highlights how individuals learn through observing the actions and outcomes of others, especially those they perceive as similar to themselves. Social Cognitive Theory has wide applications in psychology, education, healthcare, and organizational behavior.

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