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Electrolytes and Ionization in Chemistry

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Electrolytes and Ionization in Chemistry

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Questions and Answers

What is the degree of ionization of an electrolyte?

The total number of ions present in the electrolyte solution

The ability of an electrolyte to completely dissociate into ions

The pH level of the solution containing the electrolyte

The concentration of ions formed by the partial dissociation of the electrolyte (correct)

In the context of acids and bases, what is the common ion effect?

Increasing the rate of reaction between an acid and a base

Enhancing the conductivity of an electrolyte solution

Decreasing the solubility of a slightly soluble salt by adding a common ion (correct)

Changing the color of an indicator in a neutralization reaction

What does the pH value indicate in a solution?

Concentration of hydronium ions in the solution (correct)

Level of electrolyte concentration

Temperature of the solution

Rate of reaction in the solution

According to Arrhenius theory, what defines an acid?

Substance that releases hydrogen ions (H⁺) in solution Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases?

It does not account for Lewis acids and bases Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal difference between hard acids and soft acids?

Hard acids prefer interacting with hard bases, while soft acids prefer soft bases Signup and view all the answers

Explain the factors affecting the degree of ionization.

Temperature, concentration, and nature of the solvent. Signup and view all the answers

Derive the expression for the ionization constant of a weak acid.

Ka = [H3O+][A-] / [HA] Signup and view all the answers

Explain the terms pH, pOH, and pKw.

pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration, pOH is the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration, and pKw is the negative logarithm of the ion product of water. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the common ion effect and solubility product.

The common ion effect is the reduction in the solubility of an ionic compound due to the presence of a common ion, while solubility product is the product of the ion concentrations raised to the power of their coefficients in the dissociation equation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the degree of hydrolysis and how is it related to the hydrolysis constant?

The degree of hydrolysis is the extent to which a salt undergoes hydrolysis in water. It is related to the hydrolysis constant by the expression Kh = [H+][OH-]/[salt]. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the limitations of the Arrhenius theory of acids and bases.

The Arrhenius theory is limited as it only applies to substances that ionize in water, excluding non-aqueous systems and species that do not produce H+ or OH- ions. Signup and view all the answers