12 Questions
What is the degree of ionization of an electrolyte?
The concentration of ions formed by the partial dissociation of the electrolyte
In the context of acids and bases, what is the common ion effect?
Decreasing the solubility of a slightly soluble salt by adding a common ion
What does the pH value indicate in a solution?
Concentration of hydronium ions in the solution
According to Arrhenius theory, what defines an acid?
Substance that releases hydrogen ions (H⁺) in solution
What is a limitation of the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases?
It does not account for Lewis acids and bases
What is the principal difference between hard acids and soft acids?
Hard acids prefer interacting with hard bases, while soft acids prefer soft bases
Explain the factors affecting the degree of ionization.
Temperature, concentration, and nature of the solvent.
Derive the expression for the ionization constant of a weak acid.
Ka = [H3O+][A-] / [HA]
Explain the terms pH, pOH, and pKw.
pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration, pOH is the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration, and pKw is the negative logarithm of the ion product of water.
Discuss the common ion effect and solubility product.
The common ion effect is the reduction in the solubility of an ionic compound due to the presence of a common ion, while solubility product is the product of the ion concentrations raised to the power of their coefficients in the dissociation equation.
What is the degree of hydrolysis and how is it related to the hydrolysis constant?
The degree of hydrolysis is the extent to which a salt undergoes hydrolysis in water. It is related to the hydrolysis constant by the expression Kh = [H+][OH-]/[salt].
Explain the limitations of the Arrhenius theory of acids and bases.
The Arrhenius theory is limited as it only applies to substances that ionize in water, excluding non-aqueous systems and species that do not produce H+ or OH- ions.
This quiz covers topics related to electrolytes, degree of ionization, ionization constant, pH, pOH, common ion effect, solubility product, types of salts, and degree of hydrolysis in chemistry. Questions also include derivations for ionization constants of weak acids.
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