Chemistry: Properties of Electrolytes
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Questions and Answers

What is a key property of electrolytes?

  • They are electrically neutral
  • They are poor conductors of electricity
  • They are always solids
  • They contain electric charges (correct)

Electrolytes are unable to conduct electricity.

False (B)

What is the main property, besides containing electric charges, that electrolytes have due to those charges?

Conduct electricity

Electrolytes conduct ____ because they contain electric charges.

<p>electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristic to the correct concept:

<p>Contains electric charges = Electrolyte property Can conduct electricity = Electrolyte property</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a pure substance that conducts electricity?

<p>Electrolyte (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electrolytic dissociation is the process where molecules combine to create ions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of ions produced during electrolytic dissociation?

<p>positive and negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

During electrolytic dissociation, NaCl separates into ____ and Cl-.

<p>Na+</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Electrolyte = Pure substance that conducts electricity Electrolytic Dissociation = Process where molecules separate into ions Ions = Positively or negatively charged particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a coefficient in a molecular formula represent?

<p>The number of molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the molecule 3H2O, there are a total of 5 hydrogen atoms.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many oxygen atoms are present in the formula 4CO2?

<p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the formula 5N2, the index number of nitrogen is ______.

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their meanings:

<p>Compound = A molecule composed of different types of atoms. Coefficient = The number in front of the chemical formula, representing the number of molecules. Index = The small number after the element symbol, representing the number of atoms of that element within a molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes an atom that has gained or lost electrons?

<p>Ion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An atom becomes a negative ion when it loses electrons.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a full outermost electron shell?

<p>octet rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

A positive ion has more ______ than electrons.

<p>protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the charges listed next to the elements' symbols indicate?

<p>The number of electrons lost or gained by an atom. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ions with the number of electrons lost or gained:

<p>Na⁺ = Lost one electron Mg²⁺ = Lost two electrons Cl⁻ = Gained one electron O²⁻ = Gained two electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the pH scale measure?

<p>The acidity or basicity of a solution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between acids and electrical conductivity?

<p>Acids are electrolytes and do conduct electricity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Elements in the same row of the periodic table are referred to as families.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A solution with a pH of 3 is considered basic.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique identifier used to order the elements in the periodic table?

<p>atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bases react with metals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range of an acid?

<p>0-6.9</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pH value represents a neutral solution?

<p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

Elements like Hydrogen, Lithium, Sodium, Beryllium and Magnesium tend to ______ electrons.

<p>lose</p> Signup and view all the answers

A substance that turns litmus paper blue is a(n) _____.

<p>base</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pH value of 10 indicates a ______ solution.

<p>basic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Families from the periodic table with their descriptions:

<p>Family I = Elements that tend to lose one electron. Family IV = Elements that can either gain or lose 4 electrons. Family V-VII = Elements that tend to gain electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the pH value ranges with the correct description:

<p>0-6 = Acidic 7 = Neutral 8-14 = Basic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their corresponding properties:

<p>Acid = Sour taste and turns litmus paper red Base = Bitter taste and feels slippery Salt = Formed from the reaction of an acid and a base Non-electrolyte = Does not conduct electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many grams are in 1 kilogram (kg)?

<p>1000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

1 milliliter (ml) is equal to 1 liter (L).

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many milligrams (mg) are equal to 1 gram?

<p>1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

1 liter (L) is equal to ______ milliliters (ml).

<p>1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following units of measurement with their correct conversions:

<p>1000 mg = 1 g 1 g = 0.001 Kg 1 ml = 0.001 L 1000 g = 1 Kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pH value indicates neutrality?

<p>7 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A lower pH value indicates a higher acidity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a one-unit change in pH?

<p>It represents a tenfold shift in concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The darkest gray on Scale 1 represents a pH of __________.

<p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the pH values with their corresponding descriptions:

<p>0 = Strongly acidic 7 = Neutral 14 = Strongly basic 3 = Weakly acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of atoms according to the octet rule?

<p>To achieve a stable electron configuration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sodium has 8 valence electrons in its outer shell.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons does chlorine have?

<p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

When sodium loses an electron, it becomes a ______ ion.

<p>positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements with their respective electron configurations:

<p>Sodium (Na) = 2, 8, 1 Chlorine (Cl) = 2, 8, 7 Argon (Ar) = 2, 8, 8 Potassium (K) = 2, 8, 8, 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a compound?

A molecule composed of multiple different types of atoms.

What does a coefficient represent?

The number in front of a chemical formula, indicating the number of molecules.

What does an index represent?

The small number after an element symbol, indicating the number of atoms of that element in a molecule.

How do you find the total number of atoms in a compound?

The total number of atoms in a molecule determined by multiplying the coefficient by the index for each element.

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What is a molecular formula?

A chemical formula is a concise representation of a molecule using element symbols and numbers.

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Electrolyte

A pure substance that conducts electricity.

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Electrolytic dissociation

The process where ionic compounds in a solution separate into ions.

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Electrolyte

A substance that dissolves in water to form ions, enabling electrical conductivity.

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Cations

Positively charged ions formed during electrolytic dissociation.

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Anions

Negatively charged ions formed during electrolytic dissociation.

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Charged Particles in Electrolytes

Electrolytes possess charged particles, either positively charged cations or negatively charged anions.

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Electrolyte Conductivity

The presence of free ions in electrolytes allows them to conduct electricity.

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Concentration and Electrolyte Conductivity

The ability of a solution to conduct electricity depends on the concentration of ions present.

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Good vs. Poor Electrolyte Conductors

Solutions containing a high concentration of ions are considered good conductors, while those with fewer ions are poor conductors.

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Atomic number

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus is known as the atomic number, which determines the element's identity.

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Periodic Table: Groups

A column in the periodic table, also called a group, includes elements with similar chemical properties due to the same number of valence electrons.

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Periodic Table: Periods

In the periodic table, a period is a horizontal row that represents elements with the same number of electron shells but different numbers of valence electrons.

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Electron Gain/Loss in the Periodic Table

Electron gain or loss describes how an atom achieves a stable outer electron shell configuration. An atom can either gain electrons, becoming negatively charged anion, or lose electrons, becoming a positively charged cation.

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Chemical Symbol

The chemical symbol is a one or two letter abbreviation for an element. For example, 'H' is the symbol for Hydrogen.

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Ion

An atom with a positive or negative electrical charge due to gaining or losing electrons.

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Negative Ions (Anions)

Atoms that have gained electrons and therefore carry a negative charge.

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Positive Ions (Cations)

Atoms that have lost electrons and therefore carry a positive charge.

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Octet Rule

A rule stating that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a full outermost electron shell with 8 electrons. This is similar to the configuration of inert gases.

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Charge of an Ion

The number of electrons an ion has gained or lost, indicated with a superscript plus or minus sign after the chemical symbol.

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Non-electrolytes

Substances that dissolve in water but do not produce ions, making them non-conductive.

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Acids

Substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water, resulting in a sour taste and pH below 7.

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Bases

Substances that release hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water, resulting in a bitter taste and pH above 7.

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Salts

Compounds formed by the reaction of an acid and a base, resulting in the neutralization of their properties.

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Milligram (mg)

A unit of mass equal to 1/1000 of a gram.

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Kilogram (Kg)

A unit of mass equal to 1000 grams.

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Milliliter (ml)

A unit of volume equal to 1/1000 of a liter.

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Liter (L)

A unit of volume equal to 1000 milliliters.

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Conversion Factor

A relationship showing how to convert between different units of measurement.

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pH

A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14.

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Neutral pH

A solution with a pH of 7 is considered neutral. Solutions with a pH below 7 are acidic, and those with a pH above 7 are basic.

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Acidic Solution

A solution is considered acidic if it has a pH value lower than 7.

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Basic Solution

A solution is considered basic (or alkaline) if it has a pH value higher than 7.

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pH Scale and Acidity/Basicity

As the pH value increases, the solution becomes more basic, and as it decreases, the solution becomes more acidic.

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What is the octet rule?

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to reach a stable configuration with eight electrons in their outermost shell, resembling the electron arrangement of noble gases.

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What are valence electrons?

The outermost electrons involved in chemical bonding; these determine an atom's reactivity.

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What is an ion?

An atom with a positive or negative charge due to gaining or losing electrons.

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What is an ionic bond?

A type of chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in positively and negatively charged ions.

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Why are noble gases so stable?

Atoms with a full outer shell of eight electrons, making them very stable and unreactive.

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pH Scale

A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. Values range from 0 to 14, with 0 being most acidic, 7 neutral, and 14 most basic.

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One pH Unit Change

A tenfold change in the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.

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Neutral Solution

A solution with a pH of 7, containing equal amounts of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-).

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