Podcast
Questions and Answers
What can precipitate myxoedema coma in hypothyroidism?
What can precipitate myxoedema coma in hypothyroidism?
- Sedatives like midazolam and diazepams (correct)
- Carbimazole
- Thyroxine treatment
- LA
What is the main way of pain control in dental management of hypothyroidism?
What is the main way of pain control in dental management of hypothyroidism?
- Tranquillizers
- General Anesthesia
- Conscious sedation
- Local Anesthesia (correct)
Why is conscious sedation desirable in dental management of hypothyroidism?
Why is conscious sedation desirable in dental management of hypothyroidism?
- To reduce anxiety (correct)
- To reduce bleeding
- To reduce sympathetic overactivity
- To provide pain relief
What should be avoided in dental management of hyperthyroidism?
What should be avoided in dental management of hyperthyroidism?
What is a potential side effect of carbimazole?
What is a potential side effect of carbimazole?
When should general anesthesia be postponed in dental management of hypothyroidism?
When should general anesthesia be postponed in dental management of hypothyroidism?
In primary hypothyroidism, what is the level of TSH?
In primary hypothyroidism, what is the level of TSH?
Which of the following is a complication of hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is a complication of hypothyroidism?
What is the term for congenital hypothyroidism?
What is the term for congenital hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is a symptom of hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following is a symptom of hyperthyroidism?
What is the term for adult hypothyroidism?
What is the term for adult hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is a complication of hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following is a complication of hyperthyroidism?
What is the term for the production of antibodies that mimic TSH?
What is the term for the production of antibodies that mimic TSH?
Which of the following is associated with hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following is associated with hyperthyroidism?
Where does the thyroid gland normally develop from?
Where does the thyroid gland normally develop from?
What is the likelihood of a lingual thyroid transforming into malignancy?
What is the likelihood of a lingual thyroid transforming into malignancy?
What is a common symptom of a lingual thyroid?
What is a common symptom of a lingual thyroid?
Which of the following is NOT a method of diagnosing a lingual thyroid?
Which of the following is NOT a method of diagnosing a lingual thyroid?
What is the prevalence of hypothyroidism in people with a lingual thyroid?
What is the prevalence of hypothyroidism in people with a lingual thyroid?
Where can a lingual thyroid be located?
Where can a lingual thyroid be located?
What is the gender that is more likely to have a lingual thyroid?
What is the gender that is more likely to have a lingual thyroid?
What is the usual presentation of a lingual thyroid?
What is the usual presentation of a lingual thyroid?
What is the primary symptom of myxedema coma?
What is the primary symptom of myxedema coma?
What is the treatment for thyroid crisis?
What is the treatment for thyroid crisis?
What is the cause of thyroid crisis in untreated cases of hyperthyroidism?
What is the cause of thyroid crisis in untreated cases of hyperthyroidism?
What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?
What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?
What is the complication of hypothyroidism that can be precipitated by daily oral thyroxine sodium?
What is the complication of hypothyroidism that can be precipitated by daily oral thyroxine sodium?
What is the primary symptom of thyroid crisis?
What is the primary symptom of thyroid crisis?
What is the treatment for hyperthyroidism?
What is the treatment for hyperthyroidism?
What is the complication of hyperthyroidism that can be precipitated by pain, anxiety, trauma, or general anesthesia?
What is the complication of hyperthyroidism that can be precipitated by pain, anxiety, trauma, or general anesthesia?
What is the main objective of studying thyroid gland diseases?
What is the main objective of studying thyroid gland diseases?
What type of hypothyroidism is caused by a problem in the thyroid gland itself?
What type of hypothyroidism is caused by a problem in the thyroid gland itself?
What is the primary laboratory test used to diagnose thyroid gland diseases?
What is the primary laboratory test used to diagnose thyroid gland diseases?
What is the diagnosis of hypothyroidism based on?
What is the diagnosis of hypothyroidism based on?
What is the complication of hyperthyroidism?
What is the complication of hyperthyroidism?
What is the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism based on?
What is the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism based on?
What is the treatment of hyperthyroidism?
What is the treatment of hyperthyroidism?
What is the diagnosis of hypothyroidism based on?
What is the diagnosis of hypothyroidism based on?
Study Notes
Thyroid Gland Diseases
- Types of thyroid gland diseases: Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism
Anatomy and Physiology
- The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
- Thyroid hormone production is regulated by TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone)
Hypothyroidism
- Definition: Underactive thyroid gland
- Causes:
- Primary (thyroid disease)
- Secondary (hypothalamic or pituitary)
- Diagnosis:
- Low serum T3 and T4 levels
- High TSH levels in primary hypothyroidism
- Presence of serum antibodies for Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- Complications:
- Myxedema (adult hypothyroidism): puffy face, slow heart rate
- Cretinism (congenital hypothyroidism)
- Hypothermia, dry skin, hair loss, and lethargy
- Treatment:
- Daily oral thyroxine sodium
- Precipitation of myxedema coma by sedatives, opioids, and tranquillizers should be avoided
Hyperthyroidism
- Definition: Overactive thyroid gland
- Causes:
- Grave's disease (production of antibodies that mimic TSH)
- Multinodular goitre
- Thyroiditis
- Diagnosis:
- Raised serum T3 and T4 levels
- Presence of circulating autoantibodies in Grave's disease
- Radioactive iodine uptake test and thyroid scan
- Complications:
- Thyroid crisis: tremor, dyspnoea, hyperthermia, and tachycardia
- Heart failure, ischaemic heart disease, and bradycardia
- Exopthalmus (bulging eyes), warm moist skin, and excess sweating
- Treatment:
- Beta blockers, propylthiouracil, and iodine
- Surgery
Dental Management
- Hypothyroidism:
- Precipitation of myxoedema coma should be avoided
- Conscious sedation is desirable
- LA is satisfactory for pain control
- Hyperthyroidism:
- Sympathetic overactivity may lead to fainting
- Beta blockers and potassium iodide can be used
- Lingual thyroid:
- Rare occurrence of ectopic thyroid tissue in the tongue
- Diagnosis confirmed by iodine-123 or -131, technetium-99 uptake, biopsy, and MRI
- Treatment: surgical removal
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