Untitled Quiz
38 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What can precipitate myxoedema coma in hypothyroidism?

  • Sedatives like midazolam and diazepams (correct)
  • Carbimazole
  • Thyroxine treatment
  • LA

    • What is the main way of pain control in dental management of hypothyroidism?

  • Tranquillizers
  • General Anesthesia
  • Conscious sedation
  • Local Anesthesia (correct)

    • Why is conscious sedation desirable in dental management of hypothyroidism?

  • To reduce anxiety (correct)
  • To reduce bleeding
  • To reduce sympathetic overactivity
  • To provide pain relief

    • What should be avoided in dental management of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Povidine iodine and similar compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of carbimazole?

    <p>Agranulocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should general anesthesia be postponed in dental management of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Until thyroxine treatment is initiated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In primary hypothyroidism, what is the level of TSH?

    <p>High</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Dry skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for congenital hypothyroidism?

    <p>Cretinism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for adult hypothyroidism?

    <p>Myxedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Cardiac failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the production of antibodies that mimic TSH?

    <p>Grave's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is associated with hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Diffuse autoimmune goitre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the thyroid gland normally develop from?

    <p>The foramen caecum at the junction of the posterior third with the anterior two-thirds of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likelihood of a lingual thyroid transforming into malignancy?

    <p>Rare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of a lingual thyroid?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of diagnosing a lingual thyroid?

    <p>X-ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of hypothyroidism in people with a lingual thyroid?

    <p>About 1/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can a lingual thyroid be located?

    <p>In the midline between the foramen caecum and epiglottis, oropharynx, infra-hyoid region, or larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gender that is more likely to have a lingual thyroid?

    <p>Female</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual presentation of a lingual thyroid?

    <p>Asymptomatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of myxedema coma?

    <p>Altered mental status and low body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for thyroid crisis?

    <p>Potassium iodide and beta blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of thyroid crisis in untreated cases of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?

    <p>Daily oral thyroxine sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complication of hypothyroidism that can be precipitated by daily oral thyroxine sodium?

    <p>Thyroid crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of thyroid crisis?

    <p>Hyperthermia and tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Carbimazole and propylthiouracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complication of hyperthyroidism that can be precipitated by pain, anxiety, trauma, or general anesthesia?

    <p>Thyroid crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of studying thyroid gland diseases?

    <p>To diagnose and treat hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hypothyroidism is caused by a problem in the thyroid gland itself?

    <p>Primary hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary laboratory test used to diagnose thyroid gland diseases?

    <p>Thyroid function test (TFT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnosis of hypothyroidism based on?

    <p>Low serum levels of T3 and T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complication of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Circulating autoantibodies in Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism based on?

    <p>Raised serum levels of T3 and T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Thyroid surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnosis of hypothyroidism based on?

    <p>Serum antibodies for Hashimoto's thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Thyroid Gland Diseases

    • Types of thyroid gland diseases: Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism

    Anatomy and Physiology

    • The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
    • Thyroid hormone production is regulated by TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone)

    Hypothyroidism

    • Definition: Underactive thyroid gland
    • Causes:
      • Primary (thyroid disease)
      • Secondary (hypothalamic or pituitary)
    • Diagnosis:
      • Low serum T3 and T4 levels
      • High TSH levels in primary hypothyroidism
      • Presence of serum antibodies for Hashimoto's thyroiditis
    • Complications:
      • Myxedema (adult hypothyroidism): puffy face, slow heart rate
      • Cretinism (congenital hypothyroidism)
      • Hypothermia, dry skin, hair loss, and lethargy
    • Treatment:
      • Daily oral thyroxine sodium
      • Precipitation of myxedema coma by sedatives, opioids, and tranquillizers should be avoided

    Hyperthyroidism

    • Definition: Overactive thyroid gland
    • Causes:
      • Grave's disease (production of antibodies that mimic TSH)
      • Multinodular goitre
      • Thyroiditis
    • Diagnosis:
      • Raised serum T3 and T4 levels
      • Presence of circulating autoantibodies in Grave's disease
      • Radioactive iodine uptake test and thyroid scan
    • Complications:
      • Thyroid crisis: tremor, dyspnoea, hyperthermia, and tachycardia
      • Heart failure, ischaemic heart disease, and bradycardia
      • Exopthalmus (bulging eyes), warm moist skin, and excess sweating
    • Treatment:
      • Beta blockers, propylthiouracil, and iodine
      • Surgery

    Dental Management

    • Hypothyroidism:
      • Precipitation of myxoedema coma should be avoided
      • Conscious sedation is desirable
      • LA is satisfactory for pain control
    • Hyperthyroidism:
      • Sympathetic overactivity may lead to fainting
      • Beta blockers and potassium iodide can be used
    • Lingual thyroid:
      • Rare occurrence of ectopic thyroid tissue in the tongue
      • Diagnosis confirmed by iodine-123 or -131, technetium-99 uptake, biopsy, and MRI
      • Treatment: surgical removal

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Diseases Of Thyroid Gland Lecture PDF

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser