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Questions and Answers

What is the term for teaching children with disabilities in regular classes for part or all of their school day?

  • Full inclusion
  • Regular education
  • Mainstreaming (correct)
  • Least restrictive placement
  • What type of stimulus evokes an emotional or physiological response after conditioning?

  • Neutral stimulus
  • Conditioned stimulus (correct)
  • Conditioned response
  • Unconditioned stimulus
  • What is the term for voluntary behaviours emitted by a learner?

  • Consequences
  • Antecedants
  • Results
  • Operants (correct)
  • What is the term for decreasing the chances that a behaviour will occur again by removing a pleasant stimulus following the behaviour?

    <p>Type II punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of educational research?

    <p>To understand the learning process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a stimulus that naturally evokes an emotional or physiological response?

    <p>Unconditioned stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a response that is naturally evoked by an unconditioned stimulus?

    <p>Unconditioned response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a stimulus that does not naturally evoke an emotional or physiological response?

    <p>Neutral stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the example of a son of a rickshaw puller struggling and becoming an engineer?

    <p>Social mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What agency regulates education?

    <p>State</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does not specify Max Weber’s concept of social stratification?

    <p>Political Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is socialization a process of adapting to?

    <p>Social environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the example of a son of a rickshaw puller illustrate?

    <p>Social mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of social stratification related to?

    <p>Social inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Max Weber’s concept of social stratification?

    <p>Social prestige</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of social change?

    <p>A person becoming an engineer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of identifying major problems that need to be solved?

    <p>To improve the educational process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between quota sampling and proportional stratified sampling?

    <p>The method of selecting the samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of action research?

    <p>Solving immediate problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the T.A.T. test used to measure?

    <p>Personality traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of identifying the values that need to be inculcated in pupils?

    <p>To shape the personality of pupils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of quota sampling?

    <p>Convenience sampling from identified groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of identifying the aims of education?

    <p>To improve the educational process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation of action research?

    <p>Lack of generalizability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two hypotheses in a research study?

    <p>Both the alternative and null hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability to generalize from the sample of individuals on which a study was conducted to the larger target population of individuals called?

    <p>External validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of validity refers to the extent to which a study's findings can be generalized across different subpopulations within the larger target population?

    <p>External validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of validity?

    <p>Chronological validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the null and alternative hypotheses?

    <p>The null hypothesis states there is no difference, while the alternative hypothesis states there is a difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hypotheses in a research study?

    <p>To test a theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the movement from one social class to another?

    <p>Social mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who coined the term 'Cultural Lag'?

    <p>Ogburn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to which sociologist, education doesn't bring about social change?

    <p>Durkheim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is religion considered an institution?

    <p>It discharges an important social function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in maturation?

    <p>Genetic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of moving from one social class to another?

    <p>Social mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who believed that education doesn't bring about social change?

    <p>Durkheim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the delay between cultural and material progress?

    <p>Cultural Lag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Here are the study notes:

    Social Mobility and Change

    • Social mobility refers to the movement from one social class to another
    • It can be upwards or downwards
    • Example: a rickshaw puller's son becoming an engineer is an example of social mobility

    Education and Social Change

    • Education does not bring about social change, but rather social change leads to educational change
    • This view is held by the sociologist Durkheim

    Types of Stimuli

    • Conditioned stimulus: a stimulus that evokes an emotional or physiological response after conditioning
    • Conditioned response: the response to a conditioned stimulus
    • Neutral stimulus: a stimulus that does not naturally evoke a response
    • Unconditioned stimulus: a stimulus that naturally evokes a response

    Learning and Behavior

    • Operant: voluntary behaviors emitted by a learner
    • Antecedents: events that occur before a behavior
    • Consequences: events that occur after a behavior
    • Decreasing the chances that a behavior will occur again by removing a pleasant stimulus following the behavior is known as punishment

    Educational Research

    • The aim of educational research is to identify and solve problems in education
    • Identifying major problems that need to be solved is an aim of educational research

    Sampling Methods

    • Quota sampling: a method of sampling where the researcher determines the appropriate sample sizes for the groups identified as important, and then takes convenience samples from those groups
    • Stratified sampling: a method of sampling where the population is divided into subgroups or strata, and then a random sample is taken from each stratum

    Action Research

    • Action research is concerned with solving immediate problems that require immediate solutions
    • It is ordinarily concerned with problems of immediate concern and calls for immediate solutions

    Psychological Testing

    • The T.A.T. (Thematic Apperception Test) is a psychological test that measures personality needs, personality adjustment, and emotions, but not reasoning ability

    Hypothesis Testing

    • The null hypothesis is a hypothesis that states there is no significant difference or relationship between variables
    • The alternative hypothesis is a hypothesis that states there is a significant difference or relationship between variables

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