Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of biotransformation in the body?
What is the primary purpose of biotransformation in the body?
- To maintain the lipophilic nature of xenobiotics
- To change toxic molecules into more water-soluble forms (correct)
- To increase the toxicity of the xenobiotics
- To decrease the hydrophilicity of toxicants
How do biotransformed metabolites differ from the original toxicant molecules?
How do biotransformed metabolites differ from the original toxicant molecules?
- They are chemically identical to the original toxicant
- They are less hydrophilic than the original toxicant
- They are chemically distinct from the original toxicant (correct)
- They have reduced water solubility compared to the original toxicant
What is a key benefit of the hydrophilic nature of biotransformed metabolites?
What is a key benefit of the hydrophilic nature of biotransformed metabolites?
- It facilitates their elimination from the body (correct)
- It increases their retention in the body tissues
- It enhances their ability to penetrate lipid membranes
- It reduces their ability to cross membranes
Which phase of xenobiotic metabolism introduces a polar group into the molecule?
Which phase of xenobiotic metabolism introduces a polar group into the molecule?
What is the main effect of introducing a polar group in phase I of xenobiotic metabolism?
What is the main effect of introducing a polar group in phase I of xenobiotic metabolism?
How does reducing reabsorption of metabolites by organs of elimination contribute to detoxification?
How does reducing reabsorption of metabolites by organs of elimination contribute to detoxification?
What is the primary purpose of phase II reactions in biotransformation?
What is the primary purpose of phase II reactions in biotransformation?
Where do microsomal enzymes, which are involved in phase I reactions, primarily occur?
Where do microsomal enzymes, which are involved in phase I reactions, primarily occur?
Which enzyme system is most important in catalyzing phase I biotransformation reactions?
Which enzyme system is most important in catalyzing phase I biotransformation reactions?
What is the main process that occurs during phase I biotransformation reactions?
What is the main process that occurs during phase I biotransformation reactions?
Which organ has the highest capacity for biotransformation?
Which organ has the highest capacity for biotransformation?
What is the primary outcome of phase II reactions in biotransformation?
What is the primary outcome of phase II reactions in biotransformation?
Which group enhances the solubility of a toxicant in water during phase I biotransformation reactions?
Which group enhances the solubility of a toxicant in water during phase I biotransformation reactions?
Which cells are primarily involved in glucuronidation during phase II reactions?
Which cells are primarily involved in glucuronidation during phase II reactions?
What is the primary role of cytochrome P-450 in phase I biotransformation reactions?
What is the primary role of cytochrome P-450 in phase I biotransformation reactions?
Which body parts have a low capacity for biotransformation?
Which body parts have a low capacity for biotransformation?
