10 Questions
What is the purpose of the intradermal Mantoux test?
To determine the specific sensibilization of the body to MBT
What is contained in the culture filtrate used in the Mantoux test?
A large array of mycobacterial antigens
What type of immune reaction is triggered by the introduction of tuberculin in the Mantoux test?
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
What is a limitation of the Mantoux test?
Low specificity and a high percentage of false positive reactions
What can make it difficult for doctors to interpret the results of the Mantoux test?
The difficulty in determining whether the positive reaction is due to BCG vaccination, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, or infection with tuberculosis Mycobacteria
What happens to mature memory T-cells in the body after primary immunization against the background of BCG vaccination of infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Mature memory T-cells accumulate in the body, storing information about the antigenic properties of mycobacteria with which they met earlier.
What is the result of the immune reaction triggered by the introduction of tuberculin in the Mantoux test?
A positive Mantoux reaction develops.
What are the possible causes of a positive Mantoux reaction?
BCG vaccination, sensibilization with non-tuberculous mycobacteria, infection with tuberculosis Mycobacteria.
What is the consequence of low specificity and a high percentage of false positive reactions during the Mantoux test?
Overdiagnosis of the disease and unreasonable prescribing of preventive therapy.
What is the significance of the array of mycobacterial antigens present in the culture filtrate used in the Mantoux test?
They are characteristic of both tuberculous and non-tuberculous, and vaccine strains of mycobacteria.
Study Notes
Mantoux Test
- The Mantoux test is a diagnostic tool used to determine specific sensitization of the body to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) using tuberculin.
- Tuberculin is a culture filtrate containing a large array of mycobacterial antigens, characteristic of both tuberculous and non-tuberculous, and vaccine strains of mycobacteria.
How the Test Works
- Primary immunization against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually through BCG vaccination, leads to the accumulation of mature memory T-cells in the body.
- These T-cells store information about the antigenic properties of mycobacteria encountered earlier.
- When tuberculin is introduced (injected) during the Mantoux test, an immune reaction is triggered, resulting in a delayed-type hypersensitivity response.
Positive Mantoux Reaction
- A positive reaction can occur due to:
- BCG vaccination
- Sensitization with non-tuberculous mycobacteria
- Infection with tuberculosis Mycobacteria
- Interpretation of test results can be challenging for doctors, making it difficult to decide whether additional testing and preventive treatment are necessary.
Limitations of the Test
- Low specificity and a high percentage of false positive reactions lead to overdiagnosis of the disease and unnecessary prescribing of preventive therapy.
- A positive reaction may be misinterpreted as post-vaccination in the presence of an active tuberculosis infection, leading to a high risk of developing the disease.
Mantoux Test
- The Mantoux test is a diagnostic tool used to determine specific sensitization of the body to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) using tuberculin.
- Tuberculin is a culture filtrate containing a large array of mycobacterial antigens, characteristic of both tuberculous and non-tuberculous, and vaccine strains of mycobacteria.
How the Test Works
- Primary immunization against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually through BCG vaccination, leads to the accumulation of mature memory T-cells in the body.
- These T-cells store information about the antigenic properties of mycobacteria encountered earlier.
- When tuberculin is introduced (injected) during the Mantoux test, an immune reaction is triggered, resulting in a delayed-type hypersensitivity response.
Positive Mantoux Reaction
- A positive reaction can occur due to:
- BCG vaccination
- Sensitization with non-tuberculous mycobacteria
- Infection with tuberculosis Mycobacteria
- Interpretation of test results can be challenging for doctors, making it difficult to decide whether additional testing and preventive treatment are necessary.
Limitations of the Test
- Low specificity and a high percentage of false positive reactions lead to overdiagnosis of the disease and unnecessary prescribing of preventive therapy.
- A positive reaction may be misinterpreted as post-vaccination in the presence of an active tuberculosis infection, leading to a high risk of developing the disease.
Learn about the Mantoux test, a diagnostic tool used to determine sensitization to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and how it works using tuberculin.
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