Unregulated Cell Growth and Cancer Mechanisms

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What is the main learning objective of the session?

Learning about the normal cell cycle

Exploring the molecular biology of cancer

Understanding the mechanisms leading to unregulated cell growth in cancer (correct)

Understanding the impact of cancer on patients

What is the primary characteristic of normal cell growth?

Tight control and maintenance of tissue number (correct)

Rapid and uncontrolled growth

Errors in signaling the end of cell division

Tumour formation

What is the defining feature of cancer cells?

Errors in signaling the end of cell division

Tight regulation of the cell cycle

Rapid and uncontrolled growth (correct)

Tumour formation

Which lecture would likely cover the topic of 'Molecular Biology of Cancer'?

Lecture 3: Molecular Biology of Cancer I Signup and view all the answers

What does cytokinesis refer to?

The process of cell division after mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells divide only when new cells are required?

Normal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining feature of all cancers?

Immortality of cancer cells Signup and view all the answers

How many mutations are required for cancer to reach the tumour state?

Four to six mutations Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between normal cells and cancer cells with respect to contact inhibition?

Cancer cells do not require attachment to a physical substrate for growth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of cancer cells?

Exhibit reduced requirement for growth factors to sustain proliferation Signup and view all the answers

What do cancer cells exhibit with respect to apoptosis?

Immortality as they do not undergo apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cancerous cells from normal cells?

Reduced requirement for growth factors Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of cancerous cells with respect to chromosomal aberrations?

Chromosomal aberrations, including changes in chromosome number and structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between normal and cancerous cells in terms of proliferation?

Cancer cells are immortal and do not stop dividing after a predetermined number of generations Signup and view all the answers

What causes deregulated cell growth in all cancers?

Constant stimulation of cell growth by overactive growth factors or their receptors Signup and view all the answers

How do cancerous tissues differ from normal tissues with respect to tissue mass maintenance?

Cancerous tissues have decreased apoptosis rates compared to normal tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for controlling cell divisions?

Growth factors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of growth factors?

Regulation of cell cycle progression Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the withdrawal of growth factors have on cells?

Favours apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

Which protein inhibits intracellular signals related to cell proliferation and cell death?

Hormone receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which growth factor stimulates gene expression in monocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts for cell repair?

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) Signup and view all the answers

Which growth factor is used for the treatment of anemia of renal disease?

Erythropoietin (EPO) Signup and view all the answers

In cancer, what is overactive or active inappropriately?

Growth factors or their receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is a breast cancer prognostic marker due to its overexpression?

EGF (epidermal growth factor) Signup and view all the answers

What type of growth factors stimulate tumor growth in an autocrine fashion?

IGF-1 and IGF-2 Signup and view all the answers

10

Cancer cells ignore signals to enter G0 and continue proliferating. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between stem cells and differentiated cells?

Stem cells have unlimited capability to renew themselves. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a normal stem cell divides?

It remains a stem cell. Signup and view all the answers

Why can tissue decrease its pool of replicating cells?

Due to the induction of stem cells into post-mitotic differentiation. Signup and view all the answers