Unraveling Personality in the DSM-5

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes personality in the context of the DSM-5?

Personality traits are short-term reactions to the environment.

Personality is a transient pattern of behaviors.

Personality traits are enduring patterns in perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself exhibited in various contexts. (correct)

Personality is a totality of traits that are unpredictable.

Which of the following is NOT an assumption about personality?

Universally consistent across all individuals (correct)

Stable over time

Influenced by various contexts

Unique to each individual

When does a personality become 'disordered'?

When it deviates significantly from normal variations (correct)

When it shows great variation

When it becomes unpredictable

When it is extremely stable

According to Kaplan & Saddock (1998), how do they describe a person's personality?

A person's enduring, stable, and predictable emotional and behavioral traits in ordinary life Signup and view all the answers

According to the DSM-5, what does a personality disorder typically involve?

Traits that deviate markedly from cultural expectations, are pervasive, inflexible, stable over time, and lead to distress or impairment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of traits associated with personality disorders, as per the DSM-5 definition?

Adaptability Signup and view all the answers

According to the DSM-5, what does it mean for traits to be 'pervasive and inflexible' in the context of personality disorders?

They are resistant to change even when circumstances call for it. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a trait to be 'maladaptive,' as mentioned in the content?

The trait causes problems in adapting to individual circumstances. Signup and view all the answers

According to the DSM-5, when do personality traits lead to distress or impairment?

When they produce reduced functioning in work, school, relationships. Signup and view all the answers

According to the Dimensional model, how are disordered personality traits conceptualized?

Disordered personality traits are merely a matter of degree in otherwise normal traits. Signup and view all the answers

Which model for understanding Personality Disorders is used within the DSM-V?

The categorical model Signup and view all the answers

What is the key distinction in the categorical model of Personality Disorders?

The notion that you either have the disorder or you don't Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of the categorical model in understanding Personality Disorders?

It results in over-simplification and distortion of reality. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the categorical model of Personality Disorders?

It focuses on simplicity and clarity Signup and view all the answers

How are Personality Disorders conceptualized in categorical terms?

They are considered different qualitatively and in kind from healthy behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a criterion used to diagnose personality disorders according to the DSM-5?

Affectivity and cognitive reasoning Signup and view all the answers

According to the DSM-5, how many of the following criteria must be met for a personality disorder diagnosis: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, and impulse control?

Two or more of the criteria Signup and view all the answers

What is a common requirement for a personality disorder diagnosis according to the DSM-5?

Significant distress and/or functional impairment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of a personality disorder pattern, as described in the provided criteria?

b. Inflexibility Signup and view all the answers

According to the criteria, when should the onset of a personality disorder pattern typically be traced back to?

c. Adolescence or early adulthood Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated prevalence of personality disorders in the general population, according to some studies?

a. 0.5 to 2.5% Signup and view all the answers

Among those in outpatient treatment, what is the estimated percentage of individuals with personality disorders?

a. 2 to 10% Signup and view all the answers

According to the DSM, which theoretical perspectives are represented in the aetiology of personality disorders?

c. Psychoanalytic, social learning, and bio-genetic. Signup and view all the answers

How many clusters are described in the DSM-5 for grouping specific personality disorders based on their core features?

b. Three clusters. Signup and view all the answers

Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized as 'the anxious or fearful disorders' according to the DSM-5?

c. Cluster C Signup and view all the answers

Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized as 'the odd or eccentric disorders' according to the DSM-5?

a. Cluster A Signup and view all the answers

Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized as 'The dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders' according to the DSM-5?

b. Cluster B Signup and view all the answers

Which personality disorders are included in Cluster A, as described in the DSM-5?

Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal Signup and view all the answers

Which personality disorders are included in Cluster B, as described in the DSM-5?

Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic Signup and view all the answers

Which personality disorders are included in Cluster C, as described in the DSM-5?

Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Defining Personality

Personality refers to a person's unique pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving that persists over time and across situations.
According to Kaplan & Saddock (1998), a person's personality is described as "a unique and relatively enduring pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions."

Personality Disorders

A personality disorder typically involves a pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of an individual's culture.
Such patterns are inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations.
A personality becomes 'disordered' when it causes distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning.

Characteristics of Personality Disorders

According to the DSM-5, traits associated with personality disorders are characterized as inflexible, maladaptive, and causing distress or impairment.
Maladaptive traits are those that hinder adaptation to the environment.
Traits are considered 'pervasive and inflexible' when they are consistent across different situations and over time.
Personality traits lead to distress or impairment when they result in disturbances in cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control.

Models of Personality Disorders

The DSM-5 uses a hybrid model that combines elements of the categorical and dimensional models.
The categorical model conceptualizes personality disorders as distinct categories, each with a specific set of diagnostic criteria.
The key distinction in the categorical model is the presence or absence of a specific disorder.
The main drawback of the categorical model is that it fails to account for the variation in personality traits within each category.
The dimensional model conceptualizes personality disorders as existing on a continuum of personality traits.

Diagnosing Personality Disorders

According to the DSM-5, a diagnosis of a personality disorder requires that an individual exhibit impairments in at least two of the following areas: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, and impulse control.
A common requirement for a personality disorder diagnosis is that the pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving is stable across time and situations.
The onset of a personality disorder pattern typically dates back to adolescence or early adulthood.

Epidemiology of Personality Disorders

The estimated prevalence of personality disorders in the general population is around 10-15%.
Among those in outpatient treatment, an estimated 30-50% of individuals have personality disorders.

Aetiology of Personality Disorders

The DSM-5 represents multiple theoretical perspectives on the aetiology of personality disorders.

Classification of Personality Disorders

The DSM-5 describes three clusters of personality disorders based on their core features: Cluster A (odd or eccentric), Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic), and Cluster C (anxious or fearful).
Cluster A includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders.
Cluster B includes borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders.
Cluster C includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders.

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Description

Test your knowledge on how personality is defined in the DSM-5. Learn about the enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself. Discover the true meaning of personality traits in the context of the DSM-5.