University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023 Intraoperative Appearance Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of renal duplication anomaly is more frequently associated with symptoms, impaired function, or both?

  • Complete duplication affecting the lower renal pole (correct)
  • Renal dysplasia
  • Incomplete duplication
  • Complete duplication affecting the upper renal pole

    • What is a common feature observed in all forms of complete duplication according to the provided text?

  • Pyelopyelostomy
  • Renal dysplasia of the upper or lower pole (correct)
  • Nephrectomy
  • Endoscopic ureterocoele incision

    • Which surgical intervention involves excision and reimplantation in the context of renal anomalies?

  • Ureterocoele excision and reimplantation (correct)
  • Nephrectomy
  • Pyelopyelostomy
  • Upper pole heminephrectomy

    • What is the embryological basis for dividing complete duplication anomalies according to the text?

    <p>Affecting the upper renal pole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of renal anomaly is relatively common and often of little or no clinical significance?

    <p>Incomplete duplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of renal anomalies, what does the term 'vesicoureteric reflux' primarily affect?

    <p>Lower renal pole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of duplication anomalies are often of clinical significance in terms of symptoms, renal function, or both?

    <p>Complete duplications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In incomplete duplication of the upper renal tract, what leads to the variable degree of this anomaly?

    <p>Single ureteric bud with bifurcation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Meyer–Weigart law, what anatomical configuration commonly predisposes to vesicoureteric reflux to the lower pole of the kidney?

    <p>Absorption of an accessory ureteric bud into the urogenital sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the ectopia degree of the ureteric bud and its likelihood to penetrate abnormal metanephric tissue with resultant dysplasia?

    <p>Higher ectopia degree leads to higher likelihood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome when two ureteric buds arise separately from the mesonephric duct?

    <p>Complete duplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure arises from the mesonephric duct and can drain into the bladder, urethra, or urogenital sinus?

    <p>Accessory bud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gender distribution like for cases of duplex-system ureterocoele?

    <p>80% female, 20% male</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an accessory ureteric bud connects with the lower renal pole according to Meyer–Weigart law?

    <p>The accessory bud is absorbed into the urogenital sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many children with anomalies like duplex-system ureterocoele are currently identified by prenatal ultrasonography?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical presentation associated with duplex-system ureterocoele?

    <p>Hematuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with the prolapse of the ureterocoele into the urethra?

    <p>Bladder outflow obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a duplicated system, where can an accessory bud draining the upper renal pole come to enter the urinary tract in an ectopic location?

    <p>Distally into the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Meyer-Weigart law in the context of renal anomalies?

    <p>Association with vesicoureteric reflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of IVP with a duplicated system, what is a plausible outcome when both ureteric buds connect to the same calyx?

    <p>Renal dysplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commonly observed as an associated pathology in cases of complete duplication?

    <p>Renal dysplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is often a clinical presentation of duplex-system ureterocoele?

    <p>Flank pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence can result from the prolapse of a ureterocoele?

    <p>Hydronephrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant outcome related to upper pole heminephrectomy in cases of duplication anomalies?

    <p>Impaired renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concept behind Meyer–Weigart law?

    <p>Correlates the degree of ureteric bud ectopia with abnormal metanephric tissue penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of intravenous urography (IVU) with a duplicated system, what is a common radiological finding?

    <p>Crossed ectopia with fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pathology is commonly associated with duplication anomalies?

    <p>Hydronephrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common presentation associated with duplex-system ureterocoele?

    <p>Hematuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by the prolapse of the ureterocoele into the urethra?

    <p>Vesicoureteric reflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Meyer–Weigart law, what anatomical configuration commonly predisposes to vesicoureteric reflux?

    <p>Accessory bud draining the upper renal pole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Vesicoureteric reflux primarily affects which structure?'

    <p>'Bladder'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of duplicated system, what is a common radiological sign indicative of accessory renal tissue?

    <p>'Double collecting system with separate ureters'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of an accessory ureteric bud connecting with the lower renal pole according to Meyer–Weigart law?

    <p>It results in hydronephrosis of the lower pole of the kidney.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a case where a ureteric orifice opens in a superior and lateral position in relation to the trigone, what anatomical predisposition does this configuration commonly lead to?

    <p>Predisposition to vesicoureteric reflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical feature of a prolapsed ureterocoele into the urethra?

    <p>Contributing to bladder outlet obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the degree of ectopia of a ureteric bud relate to the likelihood of penetrating abnormal metanephric tissue?

    <p>Increased ectopia increases likelihood of penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of pathology is commonly associated with an accessory ureteric bud connecting with the lower renal pole?

    <p>Hydronephrosis of the lower pole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of urinary tract anatomy, what condition is likely to be caused by a duplicated system with an accessory bud draining the upper renal pole in an ectopic location?

    <p>Vesicoureteric reflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an expected outcome when a ureteric bud undergoes bifurcation during its development?

    <p>Varied degrees of incomplete duplication of the upper renal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an accessory ureteric bud arising from a caudal position on the mesonephric duct affect the ureteric orifice location?

    <p>It opens in a superior and lateral position relative to the trigone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical configuration commonly predisposes to vesicoureteric reflux to the lower pole of the kidney?

    <p>Accessory ureteric bud connecting with the lower renal pole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of IVP with a duplicated system, what is a common feature observed concerning ureterocoeles in males?

    <p>Termination of ectopic ureters always suprasphincteric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with the prolapse of the ureterocoele into the urethra?

    <p>Urethral prolapse of the ureterocoele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In males, where does the termination of ectopic ureters always occur?

    <p>Suprasphincteric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical presentation associated with duplex-system ureterocoele in females?

    <p>Urethral prolapse of the ureterocoele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is characteristic of single-system ureterocoeles in boys?

    <p>Always lying entirely within the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates a need for surgical intervention in cases of duplicated system ureterocoeles according to the provided text?

    <p>Presence of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication associated with an accessory bud draining the upper renal pole in a distally ectopic location?

    <p>Obstruction of the ipsilateral lower pole ureter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of duplex-system ureterocoele cases?

    <p>Bilateral in most cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a case of IVP with duplicated system, what is a common clinical presentation?

    <p>Urinary infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Meyer-Weigart law, what predisposes to vesicoureteric reflux to the ipsilateral lower pole of the kidney?

    <p>Coexisting vesicoureteric reflux to the ipsilateral lower pole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be an outcome when an accessory bud from the mesonephric duct enters the urinary tract in an ectopic location?

    <p>Bladder outflow obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What embryological event leads to the presence of a ureterocoele that drains the upper pole?

    <p>Accessory bud arising from mesonephric duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT commonly associated with duplex-system ureterocoele according to the text?

    <p>Hematuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical configuration can lead to contralateral vesicoureteric reflux according to Meyer-Weigart law?

    <p>%10 bilateral incidence rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

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