University Education and Competencies
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a key element of university education?

  • Interpreting information from others
  • Creating new knowledge
  • Memorizing facts and figures (correct)
  • Using existing knowledge to solve problems

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of adaptability?

  • Sticking to familiar methods (correct)
  • Seeking feedback for improvement
  • Recognizing different tasks require different approaches
  • Accepting change as inevitable

    • How does adaptability help students in university?

  • It allows them to adjust to different teaching styles and assessment methods. (correct)
  • It makes them more likely to get perfect grades.
  • It guarantees success in all classes.
  • It ensures they will never have to deal with negative feedback.

    • Which of these is NOT a professional attribute?

    <p>Focusing solely on personal goals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do professional attributes contribute to academic success?

    <p>They facilitate efficient studying, teamwork, and productive engagement in university (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these values is NOT a foundational pillar of academic integrity?

    <p>Competition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is honesty a cornerstone of academic integrity?

    <p>Because it helps ensure the validity and trustworthiness of knowledge created within the academic community. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions demonstrates a lack of academic integrity?

    <p>Using sources without proper attribution or citation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key problem with the argument that 'exercising causes people to be able to golf and live longer'?

    <p>The argument assumes a direct causal relationship based solely on chronological succession. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a strategy for anticipating and countering objections?

    <p>Appealing to the audience's emotions to persuade them. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does acknowledging limitations in an argument strengthen its persuasiveness?

    <p>It demonstrates the speaker's humility and respect for the audience. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of using 'logos' as a rhetorical strategy?

    <p>A research paper citing studies and statistics to support its claims. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a feature of effective rhetoric?

    <p>Employing deceptive or misleading tactics to persuade the audience. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the concept of reciprocity, in relation to academic integrity?

    <p>Ensuring mutual benefit in the exchange of information and knowledge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of respect within academic integrity?

    <p>A student acknowledges the specific person whose story is being told within their research. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered academic misconduct at Laurier?

    <p>Using a textbook for an open-book exam. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements BEST describes the concept of 'plagiarism'?

    <p>Presenting someone else's ideas as your own, without attribution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'misinformation' refers to information that is:

    <p>False, but circulated by someone who believes it to be true. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a critical thinker?

    <p>Blindly accepting arguments without questioning them. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the approach of a 'healthy skeptic' towards an argument?

    <p>Actively assessing the reasoning and evidence to determine validity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of System 1 thinking in the critical thinking process?

    <p>To provide an initial, fast, and often intuitive interpretation of information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of developing strong critical thinking skills?

    <p>Improving emotional intelligence and empathy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of critical thinking, which of the following approaches is MOST effective for improving this skill?

    <p>Applying critical thinking skills to real-life situations and problems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of an 'uncontested' claim?

    <p>A claim based on widely accepted scientific evidence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of evidence in supporting a claim?

    <p>To provide support for the claim and strengthen its credibility. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features of evidence is MOST closely related to its reliability?

    <p>Objectivity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between 'misinformation' and 'disinformation'?

    <p>Misinformation is unintentional, while disinformation is intentional. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is NOT true about 'accuracy' as a feature of evidence?

    <p>Accurate evidence is always based on credible and reliable sources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of examining underlying assumptions in an argument?

    <p>To determine the validity of the argument's conclusion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good piece of evidence?

    <p>It presents information that aligns with the author's existing beliefs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern with accepting causal claims without thorough consideration of rival causes?

    <p>It can lead to inaccurate conclusions about the effectiveness of interventions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the concept of 'confirmation bias' impact evidence-based decision making?

    <p>Confirmation bias can result in a biased selection of evidence that supports pre-existing beliefs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a source of evidence-based practice?

    <p>Personal anecdotes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to evaluate the accuracy of a reality assumption?

    <p>By consulting reliable data and evidence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a value assumption?

    <p>All people are equal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of a causal claim makes it particularly difficult to accept without further investigation?

    <p>It may overlook possible rival causes for the observed effect. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios BEST illustrates the concept of 'reverse causation' in a causal claim?

    <p>People who live longer are more likely to have had a healthy lifestyle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using multiple sources of evidence in an argument?

    <p>It strengthens the credibility and objectivity of the argument. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which logical fallacy is MOST likely to occur when an author only presents evidence that supports their argument, while ignoring contradictory evidence?

    <p>Cherry-picking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an effective strategy for mitigating confirmation bias?

    <p>Be hesitant to change your mind, even when evidence mounts against your belief. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which logical fallacy is characterized by avoiding opposing arguments and diverting attention to an irrelevant topic?

    <p>Red herring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The statement "People who live in cities are more likely to be stressed" is an example of what type of claim?

    <p>A casual claim (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of a rival cause?

    <p>People who have more social connections tend to live longer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Elements of University Education

    The three education levels are primary, secondary, and tertiary.

    Adaptability

    Competency to improvise and be flexible in changing situations.

    Handling Negative Assessment Results

    Accepting failure, learning from feedback, and improving for future success.

    Professional Attributes

    Behaviors like responsibility, time management, and positive attitudes in a workplace.

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    Academic Integrity

    The commitment to honesty, trust, fairness, respect, responsibility, and courage in academia.

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    Honesty

    Foundation of academic integrity; being truthful and free from fraud.

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    Trust

    Reliance on the integrity and character of others; essential for collaboration.

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    Growth Mindset

    Belief that abilities can develop through dedication and hard work.

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    Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

    A logical fallacy where one assumes a cause-and-effect relationship based solely on the sequence of events.

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    Rhetoric

    The art of effective or persuasive speaking/writing, often utilizing emotional appeal.

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    Logos

    An appeal to logic and reason, using data, statistics, and factual evidence.

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    Ethos

    An appeal to credibility and authority, establishing the speaker's trustworthiness.

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    Pathos

    An appeal to emotion, aiming to evoke feelings in the audience.

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    Precision

    Using exact numbers and direct quotations to avoid exaggeration.

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    Sufficiency

    Providing enough evidence to support a claim; often requires multiple sources.

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    Representativeness

    The variety of sources should reflect the diversity of the relevant population.

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    Authority

    Credibility based on expertise, experience, and qualifications.

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    Clarity of Expression

    Presenting evidence clearly to avoid misinterpretation.

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    Red Herring

    A diversion tactic that shifts attention from the main issue.

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    Cherry Picking

    Selecting only evidence that supports an argument while ignoring contrary evidence.

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    Confirmation Bias

    The tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information that confirms one’s preconceptions.

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    Misinformation

    False information disseminated under the belief it is true.

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    Disinformation

    False information spread with the intention to deceive.

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    Causal Claims

    Claims that propose a cause-and-effect relationship.

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    Rival Causes

    Alternative causes for an effect that need to be considered.

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    Direct Causation

    A relationship where one factor directly causes another.

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    Reverse Causation

    When the effect appears to cause the cause.

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    Third Factor Causation

    When a third variable causes both A and B.

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    Relationality

    Understanding that all knowledge is interconnected through relationships.

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    Reciprocity

    Mutual benefit and responsibility in sharing knowledge.

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    Respect

    Honoring the knowledge sources and the people behind them.

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    Plagiarism

    Claiming someone else's work or ideas as your own.

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    Cheating/Copying

    Submitting someone else's work as your own.

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    Unauthorized Collaboration

    Working with others when individual work is required.

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    Falsification

    Altering documents or forms dishonestly.

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    Misrepresentation

    Providing false information for academic advantage.

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    System 1 Thinking

    Fast, automatic, and often unconscious thought processes.

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    System 2 Thinking

    Slow, deliberate, and controlled mental processes.

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    Accuracy of Evidence

    Ensuring information supports a claim effectively.

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    Critical Thinking

    Active assessment of arguments based on reasoning and evidence.

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    Contestable Claims

    Claims that can be debated and do not fit uncontested characteristics.

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    Study Notes

    University Education

    • University education builds upon secondary education by utilizing existing knowledge to create new knowledge through research and argumentation.
    • Primary education focuses on foundational skills like reading, writing, and calculation.
    • Secondary education emphasizes understanding and interpreting others' contributions.

    Adaptability Competency

    • Adaptability involves improvising and demonstrating flexibility.
    • It involves accepting change and being open-minded.
    • Recognizing different course approaches is crucial.
    • Handling negative assessments involves accepting responsibility, understanding the connection between performance and results, seeking feedback for improvement.

    Professional Attributes Competency

    • Professional attributes encompass responsible behaviors, time management, a positive attitude, and a strong work ethic, resembling executive functions.

    Academic Integrity

    • Academic integrity's foundation is honesty, including truthfulness and legitimate work.

    • Trust is essential for learning, collaboration, and growth, requiring reliability.

    • Fairness involves creating clear guidelines for assignments.

    • Respect acknowledges sources of learning and scholarly practices.

    • Responsibility entails accountability and reliability.

    • Courage involves perseverance despite challenges.

    • Relationality in academic integrity acknowledges interconnected knowledge and relationships.

    • Reciprocity values the responsibility to accurately represent and attribute knowledge, going beyond citing sources.

    • Respect in knowledge sharing emphasizes understanding who the proper knowledge holders are.

    Types of Academic Misconduct at Laurier

    • Plagiarism involves presenting others' work as one's own.
    • Cheating/Copying involves using unauthorized materials.
    • Unauthorized Collaboration involves working with others when instructed not to.
    • Falsification involves changing or forging documents.
    • Misrepresentation involves falsely representing one's circumstances.
    • Forging Academic Records involves making unauthorized changes.
    • Impersonation involves having someone else complete work.
    • Unauthorized Aids involves using unapproved tools or resources for assessments.
    • Improper Access involves improperly acquiring assessments.
    • Obstruction involves harming resources to hinder assessment completion.
    • Distribution of Faculty Intellectual Property involves unauthorized sharing.

    Critical Thinking and Discussion of Claims

    • Critical Thinkers: They are self-aware, curious, and independent.

    • Critical Thinking Approaches: Followers blindly accept, cynics reject all arguments, while healthy skeptics assess arguments with reason and evidence.

    • System 1 and System 2 Thinking: System 1 is automatic, fast, using biases and shortcuts, while System 2 is deliberate, slow, concentrating and reasoning.

    • System 1 and System 2 in Critical Thinking: System 2 usually accepts System 1's suggestions, unless it detects potential errors.

    • Importance of Critical Thinking: It aids in managing information overload, understanding and performing better in business, evaluating business implications, managing the age of expertise, addressing disinformation and polarization, and promoting responsible citizenship.

    • Learning Critical Thinking: Practice explicitly, and for transfer, balance theory with practice, develop argument maps.

    • Contestable vs. Uncontested Claims: Uncontested claims match experience or subjective preferences, are facts, or are temporarily accepted, while contestable claims introduce new ideas needing evidence.

    Discussion of Evidence

    • Evidence Features: Evidence needs to be accurate, precise, sufficient, representative, and from authoritative sources.

    • Logical Fallacies: Red herrings avoid relevant issues, cherry picking uses selected evidence, ad hominem attacks character, and ad misericordim appeals to pity.

    • Confirmation Bias: Confirmation bias involves seeking supportive evidence and rejecting contradictory evidence, maintaining beliefs even with opposing evidence.

    • Sources of Evidence-Based Practice: Evidence comes from scientific literature, organizational data, stakeholders, and practitioner expertise.

    • Misinformation vs. Disinformation: Misinformation is false belief, while disinformation is intentionally false.

    Underlying Assumptions and Techniques of Persuasion

    • Underlying Assumptions: These are the implicit or unstated suppositions upon which an argument is based.

    • Reality vs. Value Assumptions: Reality assumptions are about events and how things work, while value assumptions are about ideals and right/wrong.

    • Evaluating Assumptions: Validity of assumptions can be evaluated based on data and new information.

    • Casual Claims: Casual claims propose a cause-and-effect relationship.

    • Rival Causes: Rival causes are alternate explanations for observed effects.

    • Anticipating and Countering Objections: Destructive testing, rebuttals, and acknowledging limitations increase persuasiveness.

    • Limiting Claims: Qualifiers, acknowledging probabilities, and addressing sub-claims help limit generalizations.

    • Rhetoric: Effective rhetoric uses full, clear information, appropriate tone and language, and vivid examples.

    • Logos, Ethos, and Pathos: Logos uses logic and evidence, ethos uses credibility, and pathos uses emotions.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the foundations of university education, adaptability, professional attributes, and the importance of academic integrity. Each section highlights key competencies essential for success in an academic environment. Understanding these elements is crucial for both personal and professional development.

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