Unité 1 - Santé et Nutrition

Unit 1 - Health and Nutrition

• Three types of health: physical, mental, and social
• Physical health: Good bodily function and absence of illness.
• Mental health: Emotional and psychological balance and stress management.
• Social health: Interpersonal relationships and social integration.
• Stress: A physiological and psychological reaction to external factors disturbing equilibrium.
• Acute stress: Increased heart rate, muscle tension, dilated pupils, etc.
• Chronic stress: Long-term health problems (e.g., high blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, digestive issues).
• Stress stages: Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion.
• Stress reduction techniques: Relaxation, meditation, exercise, time management, breathing exercises.
• Nutrients: Proteins, lipids (fats), carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and water.
• Proteins: Essential for tissue growth, repair, and enzyme production. Sources include meat, fish, eggs, and legumes.
• Lipids: Energy source and aid vitamin absorption. Sources include oils, butter, avocados, and fatty fish.
• Carbohydrates: Primary energy source. Sources include bread, rice, pasta, fruits, and vegetables.
• Vitamins and minerals: Necessary for bodily functions (e.g., vitamin C for immunity, calcium for bones).
• Water: Crucial for digestion, circulation, and thermoregulation.
• Benefits of physical activity: Improved cardiovascular health, muscle and bone strengthening, mood enhancement.

Unit 2 - Cells, Tissues, and Homeostasis

• Roles of animal cell organelles:
  • Nucleus: Controls cell activities
  • Mitochondria: Energy production (ATP)
  • Endoplasmic reticulum: Protein and lipid synthesis
  • Golgi apparatus: Protein modification and packaging
  • Lysosomes: Waste disposal
• Four tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
• Epithelial tissue: Covers body surfaces and forms glands.
• Connective tissue: Supports and connects tissues (e.g., cartilage, bone).
• Muscle tissue: Enables movement (skeletal, cardiac, smooth).
• Nervous tissue: Transmits electrical impulses (neurons).
• Tissue regeneration: Complete regeneration (e.g., skin) or scar tissue repair (e.g., heart muscle).
• Homeostasis: The maintenance of internal equilibrium (e.g., temperature regulation and fluid balance).

Unit 3 - Anatomy and Physiology

• Integumentary system: Skin, hair, and nails.
  • Roles: protection, temperature regulation, sensation, etc.
• Skeletal system: Bones.
  • Roles: Structure, protection, blood cell production, etc.
• Muscular system: Muscles.
  • Roles: Movement, posture, etc.
• Nervous system: Brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
  • Roles: Communication and control. Central (CNS) and Peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Unit 4 - Client Care

• Communication skills: Clear, concise, empathetic, and respectful communication.
• Verbal and non-verbal communication: Appropriate tone, body language, active listening.
• Feedback techniques: Validating and clarifying client information.
• Professionalism and confidentiality: Ethical behavior, client privacy, and adherence to standards.