RCP 120 Unit One Study Guide:
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Questions and Answers

Which respiratory symptom is characterized by the coughing up of blood?

  • Tachypnea
  • Hemoptysis (correct)
  • Weight loss
  • Night sweats

    • What percussion sound is typically associated with normal lung tissue?

  • Resonant (correct)
  • Hypersonant
  • Dull
  • Tympanic

    • Which of the following is NOT a common testing method for respiratory infections?

  • Microbiology culture
  • Brain MRI (correct)
  • Chest x-ray
  • Blood tests

    • What chest wall abnormality is characterized by an increased anterior-posterior diameter in emphysema patients?

    <p>Barrel chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of autoclaving in sterilization?

    <p>Steam under pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cleaning equipment, what does aspiration involve?

    <p>Drawing saline through a lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What personal protective equipment is recommended for contact transmission of MRSA?

    <p>Gown and gloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between droplet and airborne transmission?

    <p>Airborne requires an N95 mask.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions requires a sterile procedure for testing surfaces?

    <p>Bacterial pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration between changes of ventilator circuits in critical care settings?

    <p>Every 7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Mantoux skin test?

    <p>To determine immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic associated with viruses?

    <p>Can reproduce outside of host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common community-acquired lower respiratory pathogens are known?

    <p>Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the incidence of otitis media tend to be higher in children?

    <p>Anatomical differences in eustachian tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medications are commonly used to treat MRSA infections?

    <p>Vancomycin, rifampin, doxycycline, delafloxacin, linezolid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under one year of age?

    <p>Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor contributing to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance in hospitals?

    <p>Widespread use and overuse of antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following opportunistic pathogens is associated with weakened immune systems, including AIDS?

    <p>Pneumocystis carinii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criteria must be met to obtain a useful sputum specimen?

    <p>Sterile container, immediate transport, not saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common respiratory assessment technique that involves feeling the chest?

    <p>Palpitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of SpO2 is typically associated with the weaning of O2 therapy?

    <p>92%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a color change in the colorimetric CO2 sensor indicate?

    <p>Elevated carbon levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of orthopnea?

    <p>Shortness of breath when lying flat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment technique indirectly measures pulmonary ventilation?

    <p>Respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PETCO2 stand for?

    <p>Partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Digital clubbing is typically indicative of what condition?

    <p>Prolonged hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?

    <p>12-20 breaths per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which common site is not typically used for transcutaneous blood gas electrode placement?

    <p>Forehead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of SpO2 used to monitor COPD patients on O2?

    <p>95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following breath sounds is characterized by a horse, low-pitched quality and may clear with a cough?

    <p>Rhonchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best defines a symptom in a medical context?

    <p>A mental or physical feature indicating disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of heart sounds, what does S4 represent?

    <p>Atrial contraction with abnormal diastolic sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is described as shortness of breath that occurs when sitting or standing, relieved by lying down?

    <p>Platypnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of kyphosis?

    <p>Forward curvature of the spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'history of present illness' refer to in a clinical context?

    <p>The chronological account of the current health problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is 'pack year history' calculated for a smoker?

    <p>Packs per day multiplied by years smoked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option describes a condition where air becomes trapped under the skin?

    <p>Subcutaneous emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'bronchovesicular' refer to in terms of breath sounds?

    <p>A combination of bronchial and vesicular sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of S1 heart sound during auscultation?

    <p>Represents closure of mitral and tricuspid valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mantoux Skin Test

    • Detects immune response, particularly to tuberculosis (TB).

    Tuberculosis Management

    • Prevent multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) through early diagnosis and adherence to medication regimens.
    • Continuous patient monitoring is essential to ensure treatment effectiveness and identify resistance.

    Respiratory Infections in Children

    • Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the primary cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under 1 year.

    Opportunistic Pathogens

    • Candida Albicans (Thrush) is an opportunistic fungal respiratory pathogen.

    Otitis Media in Children

    • Higher incidence in children due to anatomical differences in the eustachian tubes.

    Antibiotic Resistance

    • Causes of antibiotic resistance include widespread and overuse of antibiotics and emergence of resistant bacterial strains.

    Community-Acquired Pathogens

    • Common pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Haemophilus influenzae.

    Virus Characteristics

    • Composed of genetic material; cannot grow outside host cells; highly contagious and require strict infection control.

    Pus Presence

    • Indicative of the body fighting an infection.

    Tuberculosis Treatment

    • Primary medications: Rifampin and Rifabutin.

    RSV Treatment

    • Managed with Ribavirin.

    MRSA Treatment

    • Common treatments include Vancomycin, Rifampin, Doxycycline, Delafloxacin, and Linezolid.

    Opportunistic Infections in AIDS

    • Affecting pathogens: Pneumocystis carinii and Candida albicans (Thrust).

    Fungal Infection Medications

    • Treatments for thrush include Diflucan, azole antifungals, and Nystatin.

    Antibacterial Medications

    • Types: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobactams, Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Sulfonamides, Fluoroquinolones, and Macrolides.

    Sputum Specimen Requirements

    • Proper criteria: use a sterile container, transport immediately, and ensure sample is sputum, not saliva.

    Pseudomonas aeruginosa Treatment

    • Common antibiotics include Piperacillin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, and Aztreonam.

    Tuberculosis Symptoms and Tests

    • Symptoms include night sweats, fever, weight loss, and hemoptysis.
    • Tests include chest X-ray, tuberculin skin test, blood tests, and microbiological culture.

    Pneumocystis carinii Treatment

    • Aerosolized medications: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and Pentamidine.

    Percussion Sounds

    • Resonant: Normal lung sound; loud and low pitch.
    • Hypersonant: Over emphysematous lung; very loud and lower pitch.
    • Tympanic: Drum-like sound over gastric bubble; loud and high pitch.
    • Flat: Soft, high-pitched; found over liver/tumor.
    • Dull: Medium intensity; heard over liver or tumor.

    Emphysema Chest Abnormality

    • Barrel Chest: Increased anterior-posterior diameter.

    Tachypnea

    • Defined as persistent respiratory rate above 20 breaths per minute.

    Sterilization Methods

    • Common techniques: Steam, Ethylene Oxide, Hydrogen Peroxide, Gas Plasma, and Peracetic Acid.

    Autoclaving Definition

    • A procedure involving steam under pressure for sterilization.

    Aspiration in Equipment Cleaning

    • Sterile saline is drawn through equipment lumens for testing and cultured for analysis.

    Swabbing Technique

    • Sterile swab used on irregular surfaces for culture inoculation.

    Plating Technique

    • Culturing procedure to assess growth on surfaces.

    Pastuerization Evaluation

    • Autoclaving is recommended to assess effectiveness.

    Infection Control Precautions

    • Airborne: N95 for tuberculosis, smallpox, measles.
    • Contact: Gown and gloves for MRSA, VRE, C. diff.
    • Droplet: Mask and gloves for flu, mumps, and meningitis.
    • Standard/Universal: Gloves as required.

    Ventilator Circuit Maintenance

    • Change circuits every 7 days or if visibly soiled.

    Disease Transmission Routes

    • Direct contact, indirect contact, vector-borne (ticks), and vehicle (food).

    Breath Sounds

    • Rhonchi: Low-pitched; indication of airway obstruction.
    • Wheeze: High-pitched; suggests asthma or heart failure.
    • Crackles: Fine, discontinuous; indicates pulmonary issues.
    • Rub: Scratchy sound from pleural friction.
    • Bronchial, Vesicular, Bronchovesicular: Normal lung sounds depending on location.

    Medical Terms

    • Symptom: Mental or physical feature indicating disease.
    • Diagnosis: Identification of disease based on signs/symptoms.
    • Chief Complaint: Patient’s primary reason for seeking medical care.
    • History of Present Illness: Chronological account of health problems.

    Platypnea

    • Shortness of breath while sitting or standing, relieved when lying down.

    Spinal Curvature Terms

    • Kyphosis: Forward curvature.
    • Scoliosis: Lateral curvature.
    • Lordosis: Backward curvature.

    Subcutaneous Emphysema

    • Air trapped under the skin tissues.

    Diaphragmatic Excursion

    • Measures diaphragm movement during inhalation/exhalation.

    Heart Sounds

    • S1: Closure of mitral and tricuspid valves.
    • S2: Closure of aortic and pulmonary valves.
    • S3: Low pitch indicating rapid ventricular filling.
    • S4: Abnormal sound due to atrial contraction.

    Pack Year History Calculation

    • Calculation: years smoked multiplied by packs per day.

    Normal Vital Signs

    • Heart Rate: 60-100 bpm.
    • Respiratory Rate: 12-20 breaths per minute.
    • Blood Pressure: 120/80 mmHg.

    Respiratory Assessment Techniques

    • Techniques: Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation.

    Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography (RIP)

    • Non-invasive evaluation of pulmonary ventilation based on chest and abdomen movements.

    CO2 Colorimetric Sensor

    • Color change indicates elevated carbon dioxide levels.

    Transcutaneous Blood Gas Electrode Sites

    • Common placement sites: chest, stomach, back.

    Capnograph Waveform Phases

    • Important to analyze to understand ventilation patterns.

    Orthopnea

    • Shortness of breath experienced when lying flat.

    Digital Clubbing

    • Indicates chronic low oxygen levels or prolonged cyanosis.

    SpO2 Monitoring

    • Weaning from oxygen therapy typically when SpO2 is greater than 92%.

    SpO2 Monitoring Ranges

    • Normal range: 95%.
    • COPD patient monitoring range: 60-65%.

    PETCO2 Definition

    • Measurement of carbon dioxide pressure in exhaled air; monitors cardiorespiratory function.

    Pericardium

    • The chest wall layer overlying the heart.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts related to respiratory therapy, focusing on the Mantoux skin test and strategies for preventing the spread of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. Additionally, it addresses common causes of respiratory illnesses in young children. Test your knowledge on these critical topics!

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