Unit IV: Personality and Sociocultural Factors
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Questions and Answers

What does the Affective Domain primarily relate to?

  • Behavioral responses
  • Cognitive processing
  • Physical abilities
  • Emotional experiences (correct)
  • Which of the following best represents the emotional aspect of human behavior?

  • Internalizing values (correct)
  • Engaging in mathematical problem solving
  • Mastering a new language
  • Understanding complex theories
  • What is an important outcome of internalizing values?

  • Inconsistent behavior
  • Acting consistently according to beliefs (correct)
  • Enhanced memorization skills
  • Development of emotional intelligence
  • In terms of the Affective Domain, how is problem solving regarded?

    <p>Based on a self-consistent value system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the originators of the Bloom's taxonomy related to the Affective Domain?

    <p>Benjamin Bloom and Iris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a fundamental notion in the Affective Domain?

    <p>Manipulating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might individuals view themselves in the context of the Affective Domain?

    <p>In terms of their affective states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotional factor is integral to the interaction within the Affective Domain?

    <p>Stereotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality trait is associated with higher willingness to communicate?

    <p>Extroverted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary factor that facilitates high levels of self-efficacy in students?

    <p>Supportive teachers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of self-confidence refers to general confidence in one's second language abilities?

    <p>L2 Self-Confidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to the inhibition of willingness to communicate in a second language?

    <p>Fear of judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of learning environment fosters higher willingness to communicate?

    <p>Positive and supportive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of social support affects students' willingness to communicate?

    <p>Support from friends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of self-doubt in learners when facing a second language?

    <p>Loss of momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do defensive mechanisms built to protect one's ego often stem from?

    <p>A lack of self-confidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary conclusion regarding the effect of Valium on pronunciation?

    <p>Valium had no clear effect on pronunciation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do children and adults learn from their mistakes according to the findings?

    <p>By venturing to communicate despite uncertainties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Earl Stevick suggest is a significant barrier to language learning?

    <p>Defensive communications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about 'language ego' from Ehrman's research?

    <p>It creates defenses that inhibit learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unexpected factor was found to influence pronunciation test scores more than Valium?

    <p>The tester's impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge learners might face regarding their ego during language learning?

    <p>Internal self-criticism and external judgment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'thin ego boundaries' refer to in the context of language learning?

    <p>Easily permeable barriers that inhibit communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role is emphasized as vital for creating a supportive language learning environment?

    <p>Encouragement from the teacher.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two factors are considered internal to the learner?

    <p>Ability and effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Heyde (1979) find about certain sections of a beginning college French course?

    <p>They exhibited better oral production and self-esteem scores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might learners attribute their poor performance on a final exam?

    <p>To difficulty of the exam or their own abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does self-efficacy play in a learner's effort?

    <p>It influences the level of effort devoted to achieving success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classic question regarding self-esteem and language success?

    <p>Does high self-esteem cause language success or vice versa?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might teachers consider improving according to the content?

    <p>Learners' language proficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes 'luck' as a factor in learning?

    <p>An external factor contributing to success or failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best represents the relationship between self-esteem and performance?

    <p>Self-esteem and performance affect one another and can be mutually reinforcing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does anxiety have on learners when speaking English?

    <p>Anxious learners often overestimate their errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is empathy defined in the context provided?

    <p>Understanding another person's experience by reflecting on one's own.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does nonverbal communication play in empathy according to the content?

    <p>It significantly aids in the process of empathizing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a second language context, what challenge do learner-hearers face with empathy?

    <p>They often misinterpret their own thoughts by native speakers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are empathy and sympathy differentiated in the content?

    <p>Empathy requires comprehension, while sympathy is based on feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely consequence of extroversion in language acquisition mentioned in the content?

    <p>Extroversion may complicate the acquisition of emotional understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an outcome of anxiety in language learners according to the content?

    <p>Heightened error rates and self-correction issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misunderstanding commonly exists about extroversion and introversion?

    <p>The terms are often misinterpreted due to stereotypes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted the extensive study of foreign language learners over 12 years?

    <p>Robert Gardner and Wallace Lambert</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'integrativeness' refer to in the context of language learning?

    <p>A desire to learn a language for cultural integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of orientation is characterized by learning a language for achieving practical goals?

    <p>Instrumental Orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary conclusion from Gardner and Lambert's research findings?

    <p>Attitudinal factors influence language learning success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Lukmani's findings, which group of students scored higher in English proficiency tests?

    <p>Students with instrumental orientations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area did Gardner and Lambert primarily study for their research on language learning?

    <p>Foreign language learners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Instrumental goals' imply in the context of language learning?

    <p>Goals associated with professional or academic advancement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who noted that Indian English is a variety of 'Englishes'?

    <p>Braj Kachru</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Unit IV: Personality and Sociocultural Factors

    • Affective factors in second language acquisition include stereotypes, generalizations, and attitudes, as well as social distance.
    • Members of a group include Faciolan, Alvine Cornelia; Elbanbuena, Bernadith Mae; Celestre, Gerritz Jay; Laraya, Ma. Erenica Gina; Napatang, Darl Syde; Palmes, Marie Eugenie; Jaen, Zoie; Tacdoro, Angela; Garalda, Doreen Mae; Tajapal, Paul Christian.
    • The affective domain is the emotional side of human behavior, distinct from the cognitive side.
    • The development of feelings (affect) involves various personal factors.
    • Individuals have feelings about themselves and others, which shape their responses.
    • Krathwohl, Bloom, and Masia (1964) provided a commonly used definition of the affective domain.

    The Affective Domain in Second Language Acquisition

    • Affect encompasses emotion and feeling.
    • Receiving, responding, valuing, and organizing values into a system are key stages in developing affect in the context of language learning, according to Bloom's taxonomy.
    • Language is deeply embedded in virtually every aspect of human behavior, inseparable from a person's overall experience.
    • Language is a form of human behavior, not entirely distinguishable from non-verbal behavior.
    • Self-esteem is described as the evaluation made of oneself, and the approval or disapproval related to that evaluation.
    • Self-esteem is an attitude of capability, significance, and value judgments, expressed in overall self-appraisals.
    • Situational or specific self-esteem is dependent on specific situations and certain personality traits, as opposed to general, global self-esteem.

    Self-Esteem, Attribution, and Self-Efficacy Theory

    • Self-esteem is the most pervasive aspect of human behavior.
    • Successful behavior and activity often depend on self-esteem.
    • Malinowski (1923) emphasized self-definition and acceptance for personality development.
    • Self-esteem involves acceptance of oneself in relation to others.
    • Coopersmith (1967) defines self-esteem as an individual's judgment of their value and how well they perceive themselves.
    • Global, situational, and task-oriented forms of self-esteem are presented.
    • Heyde (1979) found a correlation between oral proficiency and self-esteem in French.

    Willingness to Communicate (WTC)

    • Willingness to Communicate is a learner's intention to engage in communication.
    • Motivation, personality, and social support relate to WTC levels.
    • Personality traits like introversion and extroversion influence communicative behavior.
    • Inhibition plays a role in communication, often stemming from lack of self-confidence.

    Anxiety

    • Anxiety plays a significant role in second language acquisition.
    • Anxiety can be broadly categorized as trait anxiety (general predisposition) or state anxiety (temporary, situational).
    • Spielberger (1983) describes anxiety as subjective feelings of tension and worry.
    • Scovel (1978) categorized anxiety levels as facilitative and debilitative.

    Culture

    • Culture is a way of life, influencing how individuals think, feel, and relate to others.
    • Cultural contexts are significant for cognitive and affective behavior.
    • Culture and language are intertwined.
    • Cultural beliefs, norms, and values can either help or hinder language acquisition.

    Socio-cultural Factors

    • These factors significantly affect language learners.
    • Stereotypes, generalizations, and attitudes are examples of sociocultural elements.
    • Social distance refers to differences in perception between two interacting cultures.
    • Perceived social distance is more influential than actual distance.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the affective factors in second language acquisition, including attitudes, stereotypes, and emotional responses. Understanding the affective domain is crucial for comprehending how feelings influence learning and interactions. It draws on definitions and theories from notable scholars in the field.

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