Questions and Answers
Which of the following is true regarding an embedded system?
An embedded system can be both an independent system and part of a larger system.
True
What are the three main components of an embedded system?
Hardware, application software, Real Time Operating System (RTOS)
An embedded system must perform certain tasks in ________ without any delay.
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Match the characteristics of embedded systems with their descriptions:
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What is an essential feature that an embedded system must have?
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Embedded systems require high power consumption to operate efficiently.
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What is the role of an actuator in an embedded system?
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The ______ converts the analog signal sent by the sensor into a digital signal.
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Match the following components of an embedded system with their functions:
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Study Notes
Overview of Embedded Systems
- An embedded system comprises computer hardware and software integrated to perform specific tasks.
- It can operate independently or as part of a larger system.
- Typically uses microcontroller or microprocessor technology focused on particular application functions.
Components of Embedded Systems
- Hardware: Physical components of the system.
- Application Software: Program-specific to the embedded function.
- Real-Time Operating System (RTOS): Manages application software, schedules processes, and controls system latencies. Not always required for smaller systems.
Characteristics of Embedded Systems
- Single-Functioned: Designed to perform a specialized operation repeatedly (e.g., a pager).
- Tightly Constrained: Must fit size, cost, performance, and power constraints. Usually compact enough to fit on a single chip while processing data in real-time.
- Reactive and Real-Time: Able to react continually to environmental changes with real-time results (e.g., cruise control systems in cars).
- Microprocessor-Based: Primarily based on microprocessors or microcontrollers.
- Memory: Typically uses ROM for embedded software without needing secondary storage.
- Connected: Connects with peripherals for input and output.
- HW-SW Systems: Combines hardware for performance and software for flexibility and enhanced features.
Advantages of Embedded Systems
- Easily customizable for specific applications.
- Low power consumption, making them efficient.
- Cost-effective due to specialized design.
- Enhanced performance for designated tasks.
Disadvantages of Embedded Systems
- High development effort required for design and testing.
- Longer time to market due to complexity involved.
Basic Structure of an Embedded System
- Sensor: Measures physical quantities and converts them to electrical signals; stores data for processing.
- A-D Converter: Converts analog signals from sensors into digital form.
- Processor & ASICs: Core for processing data and storing results in memory.
- D-A Converter: Converts digital results back into analog form for output.
- Actuator: Compares expected outputs against actual outputs and stores results.
Processor Architecture in Embedded Systems
- Program Flow Control Unit (CU): Manages instruction fetching and execution flow.
- Execution Unit (EU): Executes instructions related to data transfer and processing.
Importance of Processors in Embedded Systems
- The processor acts as the core component, processing incoming data to produce appropriate outputs, making extensive knowledge of both microprocessors and microcontrollers essential for embedded system designers.
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Description
This quiz provides an overview of embedded systems, including their definitions, components, and functions. An embedded system is defined as a computer hardware system with software embedded in it, designed for specific tasks. Explore the intricacies of embedded systems and their applications in everyday technology.