Unit 8: Judgment, Decision Making, and Reasoning

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism involved in making judgments?

  • Data collection
  • Inductive reasoning (correct)
  • Observations
  • Deductive reasoning

In inductive reasoning, conclusions are:

  • Probably true (correct)
  • Definitely false
  • Definitely true
  • Most likely false

Which factor contributes to the strength of an inductive argument by assessing how well observations represent all members of a category?

  • Number of conclusions drawn
  • Time it took to make observations
  • Representativeness of observations (correct)
  • Frequency of observations

Strong inductive arguments result in conclusions that are:

<p>More likely to be true (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reasoning is reasoning based on observations and drawing conclusions from evidence?

<p>Inductive reasoning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of scientific investigations relies heavily on inductive reasoning?

<p>Collecting data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reasoning involves drawing conclusions from observations?

<p>Inductive reasoning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bias refers to the tendency to do nothing when faced with making a decision?

<p>Status quo bias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In deductive reasoning, what are the statements called from which a conclusion is derived?

<p>Premises (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic form of deductive reasoning that consists of two premises and a conclusion?

<p>Syllogism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reasoning determines whether a conclusion logically follows from given premises?

<p>Deductive reasoning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a heuristic?

<p>A mental shortcut to solve problems efficiently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heuristic influences decision-making based on past experiences?

<p>Availability Heuristic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is illusory correlation?

<p>An error in judgment when expecting a correlation that doesn't exist (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the availability heuristic impact decision-making?

<p>By judging easily remembered events as more probable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are multiple sources of observations important in strengthening an argument?

<p>To provide quality evidence leading to stronger conclusions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a stereotype?

<p>An oversimplified generalization about a group of people (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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