Unit 6: Emerging Technologies in HCI

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)?

  • To create a virtual reality experience
  • To improve physical therapy for paralyzed individuals
  • To enhance memory recall in users
  • To translate brain signals into commands for device control (correct)

Which part of the brain is primarily involved in the functioning of a BCI?

  • Motor cortex (correct)
  • Frontal lobe
  • Cerebellum
  • Parietal lobe

Which technology aims to enable typing for individuals with paralysis?

  • Haptic feedback devices
  • Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) (correct)
  • Wearable technology
  • Voice recognition software

What is a potential ethical concern with the use of brain-computer interfaces?

<p>Invasion of privacy regarding thoughts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an emerging interface mentioned?

<p>Voice-guided interfaces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of signals does a BCI use to operate?

<p>Electrical signals from the brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative is associated with developing speech decoders for brain signals?

<p>Facebook's research program (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with which condition primarily benefit from BCIs?

<p>Paralysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common use of robots?

<p>Creating virtual reality environments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does UAV stand for?

<p>Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which area are drones utilized for checking crop health and monitoring growth?

<p>Agriculture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of wearables?

<p>Transmit signals to smartphones or computing devices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following applications is NOT a typical use for drones?

<p>Snow removal in urban areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wearables can include which of the following items?

<p>Smart clothing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of programmable robots?

<p>Capability to carry out assigned tasks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the original uses of drones or UAVs?

<p>Military applications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary consideration when designing wearable technology?

<p>Lightweight materials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature differentiates implantables from regular wearables?

<p>They are embedded in the human body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the SenseCam developed by Microsoft Research Labs?

<p>To assist users in memory recall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes augmented reality?

<p>A representation of virtual objects overlaying the real world (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In augmented reality applications, how are virtual characters typically displayed?

<p>Overlaid on the user's physical environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mixed reality combines what two elements?

<p>Real-world views and virtual environments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of mixed reality?

<p>Holograms of Buzz Aldrin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one critical aspect of user interaction in wearable technology?

<p>User controls for customization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements can be used to create an expressive interface that fosters emotional interaction with users?

<p>Vibrotactile feedback (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What negative emotional responses can result from poorly designed interfaces?

<p>Anger and annoyance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of affective computing?

<p>To simulate human emotions in AI (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a technique used to collect emotional data in affective computing?

<p>Text formatting styles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential effect can too many features in an interface have on users?

<p>Lead to distraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technology is used to automate the measurement of feelings in emotional AI?

<p>AI analysis of facial expressions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can motion capture systems be utilized in the realm of affective computing?

<p>To detect body movements and gestures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is least likely to influence user emotions negatively when interacting with an interface?

<p>Clear navigation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of feedback do sonifications provide in an interface?

<p>Sound cues for actions/events (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of a poor error message in an interface?

<p>Feelings of insult or frustration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of persuasive technologies like digital pets?

<p>To encourage physical activity by influencing user behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do fitness and weight trackers motivate users to improve their habits?

<p>By displaying progress and allowing for goal setting and reminders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is anthromorphism in the context of user experience technology?

<p>Attributing human traits and emotions to non-human entities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a digital pet designed to promote activity?

<p>A Tamagotchi that requires daily exercises to thrive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features is commonly found in fitness trackers?

<p>Real-time leaderboards comparing users to friends (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What emotional responses do digital pets elicit from users when they do not receive enough activity?

<p>They exhibit anger or sadness, fostering a sense of responsibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does giving human-like attributes to technology generally have?

<p>It enhances enjoyment and interaction with the technology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a digital pet if the owner fails to engage in required physical activity?

<p>The pet may sulk, refuse to play, or 'die' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential characteristic of a doll that learns through interaction?

<p>It can blink and smile. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical principle focuses on how user data is handled?

<p>Transparency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should UX designers do to ensure ethical data collection?

<p>Provide an explicit agreement on data usage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for ethical design?

<p>Maintain ambiguity about data use. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'digital forgetting' refer to?

<p>Technologies designed to help individuals forget certain memories. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major concern when collecting user data?

<p>User privacy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The General Data Protection Regime (GDPR) emphasizes which of the following principles?

<p>Fairness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'privacy by design' approach advocate for?

<p>Designing systems with privacy considerations integrated from the start. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)

A technology allowing users to control devices directly with their brain activity. It typically involves placing electrodes on the scalp or within the brain to detect electrical signals associated with specific thoughts or intentions.

Motor Cortex

The part of the brain responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movements.

Paralysis

A medical condition where a person loses control of certain parts of their body, often due to damage to the nervous system.

Signal Translation

The process of converting brain signals into commands that can be understood by a computer.

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Electrodes

Electrodes placed on the scalp or inside the brain to detect electrical signals.

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Electroencephalography (EEG)

A type of BCI that uses electrodes placed on the scalp to detect brain activity.

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Electrocorticography (ECoG)

A type of BCI that uses electrodes implanted in the brain to detect neural activity.

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The BrainGate Project

A research project that uses BCI to help individuals with paralysis regain control over their limbs.

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Robots

Programmable machines designed to perform tasks, often used in dangerous or tedious situations.

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Drones

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) used for various tasks like aerial photography, delivery, and surveillance.

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Wearables

Wearable devices that collect data from the body and communicate with smartphones or computers. Examples include smartwatches and fitness trackers.

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Interactive e-textile

A type of wearable that combines electronics and textile for interactive clothing. Examples include smart jackets or shirts with sensors, heating elements, or lighting.

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Virtual Reality (VR)

The use of technology to create a virtual world that can be experienced through immersive devices like VR headsets.

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Robotics and Wearable Technologies

The act of using robots, drones, and wearables to perform various tasks in different fields, like agriculture, healthcare, and military.

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Augmented Reality (AR)

Software that overlays digital content onto real-world views by using cameras and GPS to create interactive experiences.

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Implantables

Wearable devices designed to be integrated into the human body, potentially offering enhanced functionality or providing solutions for medical conditions.

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SenseCam

A type of wearable camera designed to help individuals with memory issues, like Alzheimer's disease, by automatically capturing photos for later review and memory recall.

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Mixed Reality (MR)

A type of technology merging real and virtual environments, where virtual objects blend seamlessly into the real world, often with interactive functionalities.

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Wearable Camera

A wearable camera designed to capture moments for memory recall, especially for those with cognitive impairments like Alzheimer's.

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AR Sandbox

A type of AR sandbox experience where users can manipulate real sand to create landscapes, learning about terrain and elevation.

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Issues to consider when designing wearables

Key design considerations for wearable devices, accounting for a comfortable and seamless integration with the human body, hygiene, and ease of use for the user.

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Ethical Design

The collection of data from users to improve services raises concerns about privacy, respectfulness, trustworthiness, fairness, honesty, and human rights.

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Limit Data Collection

The act of minimizing the data collected from users to only what is necessary for the intended purpose.

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Privacy by Design

A design philosophy that prioritizes user privacy and data protection throughout the development process.

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Explicit Agreement

A formal agreement outlining the data collection practices, storage methods, and authorized uses of user data.

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Data Ethics Canvas

A comprehensive guide for framing ethical questions related to data collection, analysis, and use.

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GDPR's Data Ethics Principle

A set of principles (fairness, accountability, transparency, explainability) that address ethical considerations in data handling.

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Digital Forgetting

The ability of individuals to selectively forget or suppress specific memories, particularly in the context of negative or painful experiences.

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Harvesting Digital Materials

Harvesting digital materials (e.g., photos) using automated methods to facilitate digital forgetting.

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Persuasive Technologies

Using technology to influence people's behaviour and attitudes towards actions. It can involve reward systems, goal setting, and social comparison to nudge users towards desired behaviours.

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Digital Pet Example

A type of persuasive technology where a digital pet's well-being depends on the user's physical activity. This encourages users to exercise to keep their virtual pet alive and happy.

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Anthropomorphism

The tendency to attribute human qualities, emotions, and intentions to non-human entities like animals or objects. This can make interactions with technology feel more natural and enjoyable.

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Fitness Trackers

A type of persuasive technology that encourages users to improve their fitness and health by tracking their activity levels, sleep patterns, and weight loss. It provides data-driven insights and visual representations to motivate users.

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Rewards and Recognition

Features used in persuasive technology to motivate users by providing rewards, badges, and recognition for achieving goals or milestones.

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Social Comparison

Comparing your data and progress to others in a social setting. This promotes competition and motivation to improve performance in fitness or other areas.

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Interactive Dolls

Technology that uses visual and audio cues to provide a realistic human-like appearance, such as facial expressions and gestures, to create more engaging and interactive experiences.

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Personalized Recommendations

Using data-driven insights from fitness trackers, social comparison platforms, and personalized recommendations to help people make better choices and achieve their fitness goals.

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Expressive Interface

A user interface (UI) that can evoke emotions in users, often through the use of visual elements like emojis, sounds, and animations.

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Unpleasant Interface

A user interface that triggers negative emotions in users due to factors like poor design, excessive features, or confusing navigation.

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Affective Computing

A field of study that focuses on the interaction between humans and computers, particularly on the emotional aspect. It aims to understand and influence emotions through technology.

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Emotional Intelligence (for computers)

The ability of a computer to recognize and express emotions.

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Emotion Detection Techniques

Techniques used in affective computing to collect data about emotions, such as facial expressions, physiological responses, and speech patterns.

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Facial Expression Recognition

A type of emotion detection technique that involves using cameras to analyze facial expressions and interpret emotions.

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Biosensor-based Emotion Detection

A type of emotion detection technique that uses biosensors to measure physiological responses, like galvanic skin response (GSR), revealing emotional states like stress or anxiety.

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Speech-Based Emotion Detection

A type of emotion detection technique that analyzes speech patterns, including voice quality, intonation, pitch, and rhythm, to identify the speaker's emotional states.

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Motion Detection for Emotion Analysis

A type of emotion detection technique that uses motion capture systems or accelerometer sensors to track movements and gestures, providing another dimension of emotional analysis.

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Text-Based Emotion Detection

A type of emotion detection technique that analyzes the content of communication, such as text messages, social media posts, and emails, to detect emotional cues.

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Study Notes

Unit 6: Emerging Technologies in HCI

  • Emerging technologies in the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) are transforming how people interact with computers.
  • Various emerging interfaces, technologies, and concepts are shaping the future of HCI.

Contents

  • Emerging interfaces
  • Emotional interaction
  • Persuasive technologies
  • Anthropomorphism
  • Ethical design
  • Digital forgetting
  • The future of HCI

Emerging Interfaces

  • Brain-computer interface (BCI)
    • Uses electrodes placed in the brain to record signals from the motor cortex.
    • Translates signals into commands for onscreen movement, enabling interaction for those with paralysis.
  • Robots and drones
    • Programmable machines for tasks like investigating dangerous materials, bomb disposal, search and rescue, daily chores, cleaning, gardening.
    • Provide therapeutic qualities and social interaction as companions.
  • Wearables
    • Computing devices worn on the body (wrist, arms, face, neck, skin).
    • Contain sensors to transmit signals to smartphones.
    • Include smartwatches, fitness trackers, smart clothing, and implantables.
  • Augmented, mixed, and virtual realities (AR, MR, VR)
    • VR: Computer-generated graphical simulations for the illusion of participation in synthetic environments.
    • MR: Combines real-world views with virtual views where virtual objects are mapped onto physical environments.
    • AR: Virtual representations superimposed on physical devices and objects.
  • Haptic interface
    • Provides tactile feedback using vibration and forces to the user.
    • Embeds actuators in clothes or devices like smartphones or smartwatches.
  • Voice-guided interface (VUI)
    • Enables user interaction with systems through voice commands.
    • Includes devices like Siri, Google Assistant, and Alexa.
    • Voice interaction is becoming more prominent as screens shrink.

Emotional Interaction

  • Uses knowledge of people's emotions to inform UX design.

  • Emotions like happiness, sadness, annoyance, anxiety, etc., can influence behavior and viewer responses.

  • Relevant examples used in emotional design can include:

    • Online shopping experience
    • Showing photos of hungry children
  • Expressive interfaces can create emotional connections.

  • Emotions can be expressed through various interface elements (Emojis, Sounds, Colours, Shapes, Fonts, Virtual Agents, Animated icons, Sonifications, Vibrotactile feedback).

Persuasive Technologies

  • Designed to get users to behave in a certain way or change habits.
  • Aims to improve well-being, and are used in numerous domains like: health, fitness, personal relationships.
  • Digital pets (e.g., Tamagotchi, Pokemon) are persuasive systems designed to motivate children to be more active.
  • Fitness/weight trackers motivate behavior change by displaying exercise progress, weight loss, and sleep information, providing goal settings and encouraging competition among users via badges and leaderboards.

Anthropomorphism

  • People naturally attribute human qualities to animals and objects, for example robots and interactive dolls.
  • Giving human-like attributes to technology makes it more enjoyable and fun for humans to interact with.

Ethical Design

  • Huge data volumes are collected from users and used in various contexts.
  • Crucial concerns in UX design are user privacy, respectfulness, trustworthiness, fairness, honesty, and human rights.
  • UX designers should make clear how collected data will be used ethically.

Digital Forgetting

  • Technologies are designed to help people remember, but what about when people want to forget?
  • The study is about developing technologies to allow controlled deletion of digital information without requiring active engagement from the user.

The Future of HCI

  • Computing power increase leads to new devices and interactions.
  • Interactions will become more immersive and personalized.
  • Humans and computers will be closer as new computing technologies emerge, creating new ways to interact both physically and digitally.

Affective Computing

  • A subfield of computing dedicated to recognizing and expressing emotions.
  • Used to analyze facial expressions, biosensors, voice/speech quality, body movements.
  • Affective computing systems can predict user behavior and offer solutions for various contexts.
  • Example applications include: detecting driver fatigue, enhancing live video streaming experiences, and making emotional connections.

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