Unit 5: Care of the Preschool Child

Unit 5: Care of the Preschool Child

• Learning objectives for this unit include demonstrating understanding of concepts related to the care of a family with a preschooler
• Students will be able to describe normal growth and development of a preschool child and parental concerns
• Students will be able to distinguish developmental milestones and their implications for the preschooler
• Students will be able to use critical thinking to analyze family-centered care for preschoolers

Lesson 11: Growth & Development of a Preschool Child

• Preschoolers are fascinating and experience significant changes in language, play, and appearance as their social circles expand
• Curiosity about the world increases, along with their ability to explore it in detail
• At age 3, children have a chubby, baby-like appearance. At age 5, they are leaner and taller with improved coordination, constantly "making things" and eager to share their experiences.
• The developmental task at this age is initiative versus guilt (Erikson), so children will try to help, though inexperience can lead to feelings of guilt from failure.
• Nurses play a critical role in understanding this growth and development to provide appropriate guidance and support to families

Activity 11.1

• Matching activity to connect preschool concepts with child development theories
• Concepts include Phallic Stage, Preconceptual Intuitive, Play, Level 1 preconventional, and Initiative VS Guilt among others
• Theories include Erik Erikson's Theory, Moral and Spiritual Development, Mutilation and castration, etc

Concept Discussion (Preschool Stage)

• Age: 3-6 years
• Erikson: Initiative vs Guilt
• Freud: Phallic
• Cognitive Development:
  • Preconceptual Preoperational (3-4 yrs old)
  • Preconceptual Intuitive (5-7 yrs old)
• Moral and Spiritual Development
  • Level 1 (Preconventional)
• Fear: mutilation and castration
• Play: associative play, imitation play
• Toys: simple jigsaw, puzzle, dolls, coloring book, pencils, pens & crayons

Expected Growth and Development

• Physical changes include slimmer, taller stature and definite future body type
• Handedness becomes more obvious
• Lymphatic tissue increases, particularly tonsils, and levels of IgG and IgA antibodies increase. -PR = 85 bpm, BP = 100/60 mmHg, easy to palpate bladder, arch in foot

Teeth

• 20 deciduous teeth by age 3
• Permanent teeth erupt during school-age

Gross and Fine Motor Development

• Milestones for gross and fine motor skills are detailed by age (3, 4, and 5 years old)
• Include activities like drawing, dressing self, buttoning, etc. and gross motor skills such as jumping, skipping, and throwing, etc.

Language

• Vocabulary development progresses from 900 words at age 3 to 2100 words by age 5

Play

• Pretend play and imaginative activities are prominent among preschoolers
• Imitation, creative play and interaction with peers become more significant by age 5 and involve group games, songs, numbers, and letters

Emotional Development

• Children are driven by initiative and eagerness to explore and learn
• Guilt develops when there is punishment or criticism for these explorations
• Strategies to promote initiative include exposure to various experiences, play materials, modeling, encouraging creative play via access materials, exploration of outside homes
• Role modeling of adults, dealing with fantasies and dealing with the development of gender roles

Assignment 11.1

• Questions related to different stages of preschool development, milestones and relationships/attachments, etc

Unit 6: Care of the School-Age Child

• Learning objectives to demonstrate understanding of concepts relating to the care of school-age children and families.
• Students will be able to describe the normal growth and developmental milestones achieved, and associated concerns, to analyse family-centered approaches.

Lesson 13: Growth & Development of a School-Age Child

• Physical growth in this stage is slower, more mature and graceful compared with earlier years.
• The middle years is a vital period, with a significant impact on the growth and development of the child.
• School environment plays a vital role at this stage.

Activity 13.1

• Fill-in-the-blank activity to identify key terms associated with school-age development

Activity 13.2

• Identification of psychology-related theory based on statement about the behavior of a school-age child

Growth & Development (School-Age)

• Key features of this developmental stage include: -Height & weight increase -Physical proportion changes (longer legs and lower center of gravity). -Improved physical posture/coordination and muscular development.

Expected Growth and Development in School-age Children

• Healthier periods of life
• Increased skeletal growth
• Changes in proportions (height and weight distribution).
• Faster body growth, improved posture.
• Increased muscular development.

Unit 7: Adolescent

• Learning objectives for this unit focus on the understanding of the care of families with adolescents
• Key developmental milestones and associated parent concerns

Lesson 15; Growth & Development of an Adolescent

• Adolescence is a time of profound biological, intellectual and psychosocial change, representing a transition phase between childhood and adulthood
• Adolescents are likely to be more self-determined, want autonomy, and are beginning to make more independent decisions however, still have developmental need for guidance from parents and educators

Activity 15.1

• Reading activity to provide background information on the chapter in this unit.

Adolescence

• Age: 13 to 18/20 years
• Developmental period
  • Early (13-14 yrs)
  • Middle (15-16 yrs)
  • Late (17-20 yrs)

Physical Growth

• Marked by puberty and cessation of body growth
• Girls tend to be taller than boys at this time, though growth rates differ across systems
• The adolescent period brings about physical changes.
• Growth rates for various systems differ during this phase.

Puberty in Girls

• Puberty starts with breast growth, followed by widening hips, and eventually stop growing in height.
• Girls can experience earlier puberty than boys.

Puberty in Boys

• Boys experience physical changes, development of facial hair, and a deeper voice, as puberty progresses.

Development Milestones

• Play and recreation
• Emotional development (identity, role confusion)
• Cognitive development (formal operational thought)
• Moral development (conventional considerations, seeking conformity)

Common Health Concerns (Adolescents)

• Hypertension (high blood pressure, family history factors)
• Poor posture (slouching, body alignment problems)
• Body piercing and tattoos (expressions of body image, self-esteem)
• Fatigue (physical and/or emotional distress due to developmental changes)
• Menstrual irregularities (changes in hormonal cycles)
• Acne (skin condition)
• Obesity (weight increase).
• Sexuality changes.

Common Health Problems (Adolescents continued)

• Substance abuse (alcohol and drug use)
• Attempted suicide (mental health concerns)
• Runaways (desire for independence and self-determination)

Wellness Promotion & Injury Prevention (Adolescents)

• Adolescent safety, including driving, motorcycles, and swimming
• Nutrition and healthy habits
• Family functioning and support
• Mental health and well-being
• Recognizing risks associated with each topic and implementing effective strategies

This quiz focuses on the key concepts related to the care of preschool children, emphasizing their growth and development. Students will explore developmental milestones and parental concerns while also applying critical thinking to family-centered care. Prepare to demonstrate your understanding of the fascinating changes preschoolers undergo.