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Questions and Answers
What is the scientific study of biological inheritance called?
What is the scientific study of biological inheritance called?
Gregor Mendel worked primarily with roses in his experiments.
Gregor Mendel worked primarily with roses in his experiments.
False
What process occurs when male and female reproductive cells join together?
What process occurs when male and female reproductive cells join together?
fertilization
A plant that self-pollinates and produces offspring with identical traits is known as a ______ plant.
A plant that self-pollinates and produces offspring with identical traits is known as a ______ plant.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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In pea plants, where do the male reproductive cells (sperm) come from?
In pea plants, where do the male reproductive cells (sperm) come from?
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Mendel used cross-pollination to ensure that his pea plants only reproduced with themselves.
Mendel used cross-pollination to ensure that his pea plants only reproduced with themselves.
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What part of the flower did Mendel remove to prevent self-pollination during cross-pollination?
What part of the flower did Mendel remove to prevent self-pollination during cross-pollination?
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What is the term used to describe the offspring of crosses between parents with different contrasting characteristics?
What is the term used to describe the offspring of crosses between parents with different contrasting characteristics?
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In Mendel's experiments, the F1 hybrid plants displayed a mix of characteristics from both parents.
In Mendel's experiments, the F1 hybrid plants displayed a mix of characteristics from both parents.
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What term did Mendel use to describe the factors passed from one parental generation to the next?
What term did Mendel use to describe the factors passed from one parental generation to the next?
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Different forms of a single gene are called ________.
Different forms of a single gene are called ________.
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What principle explains why an organism with both a dominant and recessive allele for a trait will exhibit the dominant characteristic?
What principle explains why an organism with both a dominant and recessive allele for a trait will exhibit the dominant characteristic?
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In the F2 generation, all plants showed the traits controlled by the dominant alleles.
In the F2 generation, all plants showed the traits controlled by the dominant alleles.
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What process describes the separation of alleles during the formation of gametes?
What process describes the separation of alleles during the formation of gametes?
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Study Notes
Unit 3: Genetics - Lesson 1: The Work of Gregor Mendel
- Every living organism inherits characteristics from its parents.
- Genetics is the study of biological inheritance.
- Gregor Mendel was an Austrian scientist and priest born in 1822.
- Mendel studied at the University of Vienna and worked in a monastery.
- Mendel worked with garden peas. Peas are ideal for study due to their small size, ease of cultivation, and ability to produce many offspring.
- Mendel observed that traits are passed from parents to offspring.
- Mendel performed controlled experiments, preventing self-pollination by manipulating the flowers.
- Cross-pollination involved transferring pollen from one plant to another.
- Mendel observed several traits in pea plants like seed shape, seed color, flower color, pod shape, pod color, flower position, and plant height.
- True-breeding plants reliably produce offspring with the same traits as the parent.
- Traits are specific features, such as seed color or plant height.
Mendel's Experiments - Role of Fertilization
- Flowers have male parts (stamens) that produce pollen (sperm) and female parts (carpels) that produce eggs.
- Fertilization occurs when male and female reproductive cells (sperm and egg) unite.
- Pea flowers are primarily self-pollinating.
- Mendel performed cross-pollination to study the inheritance of traits.
Mendel's Experiments - Traits and Hybrids
- Mendel studied seven pairs of contrasting traits in pea plants.
- Hybrids are the offspring of crosses between parents with different contrasting characteristics.
- Mendel's experiments involved controlled crosses of pea plants with contrasting traits to understand how traits are passed to subsequent generations.
Genes and Alleles
- Mendel concluded that traits were determined by factors (genes) passed from parent to offspring.
- Genes have different forms called alleles.
- Alleles can be dominant or recessive.
- Dominant alleles mask the expression of recessive alleles.
Segregation
- Mendel performed further controlled crosses to understand the behavior of alleles during reproduction.
- He observed that traits controlled by recessive alleles could reappear in later offspring. This suggested the alleles separated from each other during reproduction..
- This separation is called segregation.
- Alleles separate during gamete formation.
- Each gamete carries only one allele from each gene pair.
Formation of Gametes
- During fertilization, the alleles from each parent unite to form new combinations.
- The combination of alleles influences traits in offspring.
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Description
Explore the foundational principles of genetics through the work of Gregor Mendel. This quiz covers his experiments with garden peas, his techniques in controlled pollination, and his observations on inheritance. Test your knowledge of Mendel's contribution to biological inheritance and the traits he studied.
