Gregor Mendel and Genetics Experiments

10 Questions

What is the phenotypic ratio when crossing two heterozygous tall pea plants?

3:1

In Mendel's experiments, what did the F2 generation show when crossing the F1 purple flowered plants?

3:1 ratio of purple to white flowered plants

What does the genotypic ratio 1:2:1 represent in Mendel's experiments?

One homozygous tall plant, two heterozygous tall plants, one homozygous dwarf plant

What is true about dominant genes according to Mendel's experiments?

Dominant genes are always expressed

How did Mendel ensure pure lines before conducting genetic crosses with pea plants?

By inbreeding to obtain homozygous traits

What is the difference between phenotype and genotype in genetics?

Phenotype refers to observable traits while genotype refers to hidden traits

What did Mendel observe in the F1 generation when crossing purple flowered plants with white flowered plants?

All offspring had purple flowers

'Phenotype' in genetics refers to:

'Physical expression of genes giving rise to observable traits'

'Genotypic ratio' refers to:

'Proportion of different genotypes in offspring'

Mendel's concept of alleles implies that:

Alleles carry traits from one generation to another

Study Notes

Gregor Mendel's experiments formed the basis of modern genetics by studying pea plants' characteristics such as flower color, plant height, and seed color.
Mendel crossed purple flowered plants with white flowered plants and observed that all offspring in the first generation (F1) had purple flowers.
In the F2 generation, obtained by crossing F1 plants, Mendel saw a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowered plants.
Mendel explained that certain genes are dominant and always expressed, while others are recessive and only expressed in homozygous form.
Dominant genes are expressed in both homozygous and heterozygous forms, while recessive genes are expressed only in homozygous form.
Mendel introduced the concept of alleles (factors) which carry traits from one generation to another, with dominant alleles overpowering recessive ones.
Mendel ensured pure lines (homozygous for a trait) through inbreeding before conducting genetic crosses to study traits like stem height in pea plants.- Phenotypes are externally observable features, while genotypes are features at the genetic level that cannot be observed.
Phenotypic ratio is 3:1 when three tall plants and one dwarf plant are observed.
Genotypic ratio in the example given is 1:2:1 for one homozygous tall plant, two heterozygous tall plants, and one homozygous dwarf plant.
Phenotype refers to the physical expression of genes giving rise to observable traits, while genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism.
Gregor Mendel conducted crosses studying one character at a time in Monohybrid crosses before moving on to Dihybrid crosses involving two characters.