Gregor Mendel's Genetics Principles
8 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of fertilization in Mendel's experiments?

  • It creates a zygote from sperm and egg. (correct)
  • It determines the plant height.
  • It leads to true breeding organisms.
  • It produces multiple phenotypes.

    • Which of the following best defines 'homozygous'?

  • Having two different alleles for a trait.
  • Having one dominant and one recessive allele.
  • Having two identical alleles for a trait. (correct)
  • Having multiple traits expressed.

    • According to Mendel's Law of Segregation, what do parents pass on to their offspring?

  • All dominant alleles.
  • One allele for each trait. (correct)
  • Only recessive alleles.
  • Both alleles for every trait.

    • What does a Punnett square help predict?

    <p>Possible genotypes of a genetic cross. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements reflects the Law of Independent Assortment?

    <p>Different traits' alleles assort independently during gamete formation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic best describes a 'true breeding' organism?

    <p>Produces the same trait consistently. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the physical appearance resulting from a genotype?

    <p>Phenotype (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do dominant alleles typically require for expression?

    <p>At least one capital letter allele. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Genetics

    The study of biological inheritance, or how traits are passed from one generation to the next.

    Trait

    A specific characteristic, such as flower color or plant height.

    Fertilization

    The process where sperm and egg cells join to form a zygote.

    True Breeding

    Individuals that consistently produce offspring with the same trait over multiple generations.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Gene

    A segment of DNA that carries information for a specific trait.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Alleles

    Alternative forms of a gene, represented by letters.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dominant Allele

    An allele that masks the expression of another allele.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Recessive Allele

    An allele whose expression is masked by a dominant allele.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Gregor Mendel's Work and Applying Mendel's Principles

    • Mendel studied how traits are passed from one generation to the next
    • This study is known as genetics
    • Mendel used pea plants as model organisms
    • Pea plants are easy to grow and produce many offspring

    Mendel's Experiments

    • Pea plants were small and easy to grow, and could produce hundreds of offspring
    • Traits like seed color and plant height were observed

    Role of Fertilization

    • A trait is a characteristic, such as seed color or plant height
    • Fertilization is when sperm and egg join to form a zygote
    • True breeding organisms consistently produce the same trait

    Genes and Alleles

    • Genes are DNA segments that express a trait
    • Each cross starts with parent (P) generation, then F1 offspring, after which F2 offspring
    • Alleles are single forms of a gene
    • Alleles are represented by letters (capital or lowercase)

    Dominant and Recessive Alleles

    • Dominant alleles are represented by capital letters (e.g., B)
    • Recessive alleles are represented by lowercase letters (e.g., b)
    • The Law of Dominance states that some alleles are dominant and mask recessive traits

    Law of Segregation

    • During meiosis, alleles segregate, with each parent passing only one allele to their offspring

    Homozygous vs. Heterozygous

    • Homozygous: both alleles are the same
    • Heterozygous: both alleles are different

    Genotype and Phenotype

    • Phenotype: observable traits (e.g., purple flowers)
    • Genotype: genetic makeup (e.g., homozygous or heterozygous)

    Using a Punnett Square and Independent Crosses

    • Punnett squares are used to predict possible genotypes from a cross
    • Independent crosses involve examining different traits during the cross

    Mendel's Overall Conclusions

    • Law of Dominance: One allele is dominant over another
    • Law of Segregation: Parents pass one allele to offspring
    • Law of Independent Assortment: Alleles of different traits independently assort during gamete formation

    Mendel and Meiosis

    • Gregor Mendel was the first to correctly predict the process of meiosis
    • Law of Segregation: genes separate during gamete production
    • Law of Independent Assortment: chromosomes align randomly during meiosis

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    The Work of Gregor Mendel and Applying Mendel's Principles PDF

    Description

    Explore the foundational principles of genetics through Gregor Mendel's pioneering work. This quiz covers Mendel's experiments with pea plants, including the concepts of traits, genes, alleles, and the roles of dominant and recessive alleles. Test your understanding of how traits are inherited across generations.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser