Unit 2 Test Review: Healthcare Basics

Unit 2 Test Review

• Metric Conversions: Familiarize yourself with converting pounds to kilograms (multiply by 2.2) and kilograms to pounds (divide by 2.2). Also, know how to convert inches to centimeters (multiply by 2.54), Fahrenheit to Celsius (subtract 32, then divide by 1.8), and Celsius to Fahrenheit (multiply by 1.8, then add 32).

• Dosage Calculations: Understand how to convert grams to kilograms (divide by 1000) and kilograms to grams (multiply by 1000).

• Vital Signs: Know normal ranges for pulse (60-120 bpm), respiratory rate (12-20 breaths/minute), body temperature (37-39°C), and blood pressure (systolic <120, diastolic <80). Learn how to take each vital sign (equipment needed, locations).

• Anatomical Positions: Understand directional terms like superior (closer to the head), inferior (closer to the feet), anterior (front), posterior (back), medial (midline), and lateral (away from midline).

• Medical Terminology: Learn common medical prefixes and suffixes (e.g., -itis, -ectomy, -scopy, endo-, peri-), and the medical terms for heart (cardia), liver (hepato), nerves (neuro), bones (osteo), and skin (derma).

• Medical Abbreviations: Be familiar with common abbreviations like PO (by mouth), IM (intramuscular), IV (intravenous), PRN (as needed), BID (twice daily), TID (three times daily), QID (four times daily), BR (bed rest), FBS (fasting blood sugar).

• Medical Technology: Understand the four types of medical technology: medical devices, medical research, training devices, and information technology. Differentiate high, medium, and low-risk medical devices.

• Medical Imaging: Comprehend the basics of X-rays (detecting air, fat, soft tissue, minerals, and metals), CT scans (fractures, internal bleeding, and resolution), MRI (high resolution, excellent for detecting fluids, and ideal for the brain, spine, and joints), and ultrasounds.

• Vital Signs: Learn how to take vital signs, the equipment needed, and normal ranges for each.

• Pregnancy Trimesters: Know general developmental milestones in each trimester, but specific shapes and timeframes are not strictly required.

• 8 Diseases: Your study guide requests descriptions of each of 8 diseases, but this appears to be missing some context

• Nervous System: Understand the roles of neurons, axons, dendrites, and synapses. Differentiate between the functions of the cerebrum (thought, language, senses, memory, voluntary movement), cerebellum (muscle coordination, balance), and brainstem (basic life functions).

• Lymphatic and Immune System: The immune system protects against bacteria, viruses, fungi, toxins, parasites, and cancer. Memory cells are crucial in preventing secondary infections by quickly recognizing and responding to previously encountered antigens. Distinguish between primary and secondary immune responses, and artificially acquired active immunity. Also, understand the difference between antigens and antibodies.

• Excretory System: The excretory system maintains fluid balance, acid-base balance, and blood pressure. It removes waste products from blood, tissues, and organs. Urine tests help diagnose conditions like urinary tract infections or kidney disease.

• Endocrine System and Homeostasis: Homeostasis is maintaining a stable internal environment in spite of external changes. Negative feedback is a primary mechanism for homeostasis – a change triggers a reaction that reverses the change. Hormones are chemical messengers that communicate between cells. Know common endocrine hormones (e.g., pituitary, growth hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone, oxytocin) and their functions. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland work together to regulate homeostasis.

• Reproductive Systems: Learn the anatomy of the male (penis, testes, prostate gland, scrotum, urethra) and female (vagina, cervix, ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes) reproductive systems, including their functions. Understand the stages of pregnancy (first, second, third trimester) and associated complications (e.g., cesarean section, umbilical cord issues, abnormal heart rate, excessive bleeding, lack of dilation).

• Case Study: Know how to convert lbs-kg and kg-lbs from the provided conversion sheet. Understand vital signs and their normal ranges. Note that anatomical positions are not part of the case study.

• Prescriptions: Understanding prescriptions is required.

Prepare for your Unit 2 Test with this comprehensive review of essential healthcare topics. This quiz covers metric conversions, dosage calculations, vital signs, anatomical positions, and medical terminology. Test your understanding and boost your confidence for the upcoming exam.