Unit 2 Test Review: Healthcare Basics

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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to a structure that is closer to the front of the body?

Anterior (correct)

Posterior

Lateral

Medial

The prefix 'peri' means around.

True

What is the abbreviation for intravenous administration?

A low-risk medical device example is a ________.

thermometer Signup and view all the answers

Match the medical conditions with their corresponding body system:

Concussion = Nervous system Pneumonia = Respiratory system Psoriasis = Integumentary system Cardiovascular Disease = Circulatory system Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain is responsible for memory and voluntary movement?

Cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

Dendrites are fibers that send messages from neurons.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of memory cells in the immune system?

To remember specific antigens for quicker responses to infections. Signup and view all the answers

The _____ is responsible for muscle coordination and balance in the brain.

cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines the primary immune response?

The first time the immune system encounters an antigen Signup and view all the answers

Neurons do not touch; there is a gap called the _____ between them.

synapse Signup and view all the answers

Match the parts of the immune system with their function:

Memory cells = Quickly defend against previous infections B cells = Produce antibodies T cells = Attack infected cells Macrophages = Engulf and destroy pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the primary immune response and the secondary immune response?

The primary immune response is slower and involves memory cells. Signup and view all the answers

Antigens are proteins that help protect the body from unwanted substances.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the excretory system?

To maintain acid-base balance, control blood pressure, maintain fluid levels, and excrete waste. Signup and view all the answers

The primary method of homeostasis is called _____ feedback.

negative Signup and view all the answers

Match the following hormones with their respective functions:

Pituitary Hormone = Stimulates the thyroid gland Growth Hormone = Influences height and builds bones Follicle Stimulating Hormone = Stimulates egg maturation Oxytocin = Manages reproductive system parts Testosterone = Regulates male reproductive system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes homeostasis?

A state of internal equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

During pregnancy, the first trimester lasts until the fetus is 26 weeks old.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for an adult's pulse?

60–120 bpm Signup and view all the answers

The _____ is formed in the testes and is responsible for reproduction.

sperm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about vitals signs is correct?

A normal body temperature is around 37°C. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Unit 2 Test Review

Metric Conversions: Familiarize yourself with converting pounds to kilograms (multiply by 2.2) and kilograms to pounds (divide by 2.2). Also, know how to convert inches to centimeters (multiply by 2.54), Fahrenheit to Celsius (subtract 32, then divide by 1.8), and Celsius to Fahrenheit (multiply by 1.8, then add 32).
Dosage Calculations: Understand how to convert grams to kilograms (divide by 1000) and kilograms to grams (multiply by 1000).
Vital Signs: Know normal ranges for pulse (60-120 bpm), respiratory rate (12-20 breaths/minute), body temperature (37-39°C), and blood pressure (systolic <120, diastolic <80). Learn how to take each vital sign (equipment needed, locations).
Anatomical Positions: Understand directional terms like superior (closer to the head), inferior (closer to the feet), anterior (front), posterior (back), medial (midline), and lateral (away from midline).
Medical Terminology: Learn common medical prefixes and suffixes (e.g., -itis, -ectomy, -scopy, endo-, peri-), and the medical terms for heart (cardia), liver (hepato), nerves (neuro), bones (osteo), and skin (derma).
Medical Abbreviations: Be familiar with common abbreviations like PO (by mouth), IM (intramuscular), IV (intravenous), PRN (as needed), BID (twice daily), TID (three times daily), QID (four times daily), BR (bed rest), FBS (fasting blood sugar).
Medical Technology: Understand the four types of medical technology: medical devices, medical research, training devices, and information technology. Differentiate high, medium, and low-risk medical devices.
Medical Imaging: Comprehend the basics of X-rays (detecting air, fat, soft tissue, minerals, and metals), CT scans (fractures, internal bleeding, and resolution), MRI (high resolution, excellent for detecting fluids, and ideal for the brain, spine, and joints), and ultrasounds.
Vital Signs: Learn how to take vital signs, the equipment needed, and normal ranges for each.
Pregnancy Trimesters: Know general developmental milestones in each trimester, but specific shapes and timeframes are not strictly required.
8 Diseases: Your study guide requests descriptions of each of 8 diseases, but this appears to be missing some context
Nervous System: Understand the roles of neurons, axons, dendrites, and synapses. Differentiate between the functions of the cerebrum (thought, language, senses, memory, voluntary movement), cerebellum (muscle coordination, balance), and brainstem (basic life functions).
Lymphatic and Immune System: The immune system protects against bacteria, viruses, fungi, toxins, parasites, and cancer. Memory cells are crucial in preventing secondary infections by quickly recognizing and responding to previously encountered antigens. Distinguish between primary and secondary immune responses, and artificially acquired active immunity. Also, understand the difference between antigens and antibodies.
Excretory System: The excretory system maintains fluid balance, acid-base balance, and blood pressure. It removes waste products from blood, tissues, and organs. Urine tests help diagnose conditions like urinary tract infections or kidney disease.
Endocrine System and Homeostasis: Homeostasis is maintaining a stable internal environment in spite of external changes. Negative feedback is a primary mechanism for homeostasis – a change triggers a reaction that reverses the change. Hormones are chemical messengers that communicate between cells. Know common endocrine hormones (e.g., pituitary, growth hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone, oxytocin) and their functions. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland work together to regulate homeostasis.
Reproductive Systems: Learn the anatomy of the male (penis, testes, prostate gland, scrotum, urethra) and female (vagina, cervix, ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes) reproductive systems, including their functions. Understand the stages of pregnancy (first, second, third trimester) and associated complications (e.g., cesarean section, umbilical cord issues, abnormal heart rate, excessive bleeding, lack of dilation).
Case Study: Know how to convert lbs-kg and kg-lbs from the provided conversion sheet. Understand vital signs and their normal ranges. Note that anatomical positions are not part of the case study.
Prescriptions: Understanding prescriptions is required.

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Prepare for your Unit 2 Test with this comprehensive review of essential healthcare topics. This quiz covers metric conversions, dosage calculations, vital signs, anatomical positions, and medical terminology. Test your understanding and boost your confidence for the upcoming exam.