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Pain and Vital Signs
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Pain and Vital Signs

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for a condition where the body temperature is not elevated?

  • Pyrexia
  • Afebrile (correct)
  • Feverish
  • Hyperthermia

    • What is the term for a pulse rate that is below 60 beats per minute?

  • Bradycardia (correct)
  • Dysrhythmia
  • Eupnea
  • Tachycardia

    • What is the term for a type of pain that persists or recurs for more than 3 months?

  • Intractable pain
  • Acute pain
  • Chronic pain (correct)
  • Refractory pain

    • What is the term for a type of breathing that is labored or difficult, but is easier when sitting or standing?

    <p>Orthopnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a temporary fall in blood pressure associated with assuming an upright position?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a measurement of the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats?

    <p>Diastolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of pain characterized by rapid onset and varying intensity?

    <p>Acute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a drug that reduces fever?

    <p>Antipyretic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a pulse that is flat or non-existent?

    <p>Asystole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force exerted by blood against the walls of arteries?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a slow rate of breathing?

    <p>Bradypnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that describes a normal breathing pattern?

    <p>eupnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is associated with an abnormal heart rhythm?

    <p>dysrhythmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that describes a state of elevated body temperature?

    <p>febrile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is associated with a breathing pattern that is difficult or labored?

    <p>dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that describes a temporary cessation of breathing?

    <p>apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a body temperature below 95 degrees F?

    <p>Hypothermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a type of pain that cannot be controlled with standard medical care?

    <p>Intractable pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for elevated blood pressure?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for low blood pressure?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for high body temperature?

    <p>Hyperthermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Korotkoff sounds associated with?

    <p>Blood pressure measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of orthopnea?

    <p>Difficulty breathing when lying down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a temporary fall in blood pressure when standing up?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a scale used to measure pain perception?

    <p>Pain scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for labored or difficult breathing that improves when sitting or standing?

    <p>Orthopnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of respirations?

    <p>to transfer oxygen from the atmosphere to the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pulse oximetry used to measure?

    <p>arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures called?

    <p>pulse pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the difference between the apical and radial pulse rates?

    <p>pulse deficit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cardiac cycle is diastolic pressure measured?

    <p>when the heart is resting between beats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an indicator of a person's overall health status?

    <p>Vital signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component of vital signs?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a rapid heart rate?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of the pressure in the arteries when the heart is pumping?

    <p>Systolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the hotness or coldness of a substance?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological response helps to dissipate excess heat in the body?

    <p>Sweat evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the body regulates blood pressure?

    <p>Baroreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exercise, which of the following physiological responses helps to increase oxygen delivery to the muscles?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the body regulates body temperature?

    <p>Hypothalamic thermoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following physiological responses helps to increase oxygen delivery to the brain during ascent to high altitude?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in regulating body temperature?

    <p>To stimulate the vasodilation or shivering glands to produce cooling or warning responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of energy expended by the body at rest?

    <p>Basal Metabolic Rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the body regulates body temperature?

    <p>Hypothalamic regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diaphoresis?

    <p>Excessive sweating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the body generates heat?

    <p>Thermogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following heat loss mechanisms is most significantly affected by humidity?

    <p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the rate of heat loss through convection?

    <p>Wind speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods of preventing heat loss generates heat internally?

    <p>Activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of heat loss through respiration?

    <p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors affects heat loss through all three mechanisms of heat transfer?

    <p>Temperature difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which brown adipose tissue (BAT) produces heat?

    <p>Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of physiological heat production?

    <p>Basal metabolic rate (BMR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the increase in metabolic rate after eating, which produces heat?

    <p>Thermic effect of food (TEF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which shivering generates heat?

    <p>Muscle contractions and relaxations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which thyroid hormones regulate heat generation in skeletal muscles?

    <p>Increased contraction and relaxation cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors influences the regulation of thyroid hormone production?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which thyroid hormones increase heat generation in cells?

    <p>Increased breakdown of nutrients to produce energy (ATP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in regulating body temperature?

    <p>To act as the body's thermostat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does not affect body temperature?

    <p>Diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of body temperature considered acceptable?

    <p>97.7°F to 99.5°F (36.5°C to 37.5°C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a body temperature above 104°F (40°C)?

    <p>Hyperthermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is used to measure body temperature in the ear canal?

    <p>tympanic thermometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of age on body temperature?

    <p>It decreases body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fever is characterized by a consistent elevation in body temperature?

    <p>Sustained fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fever is characterized by a return of fever after a period of time?

    <p>Relapsing fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fever that comes and goes, but does not follow a regular pattern?

    <p>Remittent fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fever is characterized by a normal body temperature during the day and a fever at night?

    <p>Intermittent fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fever is associated with alcoholism?

    <p>Relapsing fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom would you expect to see with an increased body temperature?

    <p>Anorexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of increased temperature?

    <p>Myalgias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom that is often accompanied by increased body temperature?

    <p>Thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible presentation of increased body temperature?

    <p>Facial flushing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complaint associated with increased body temperature?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily fluid intake for a patient with fever?

    <p>2.5-3L/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of monitoring WBC in a patient with fever?

    <p>To monitor for signs of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of modifying the environment in a patient with fever?

    <p>To promote comfort and relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering antipyretics in a patient with fever?

    <p>To reduce the severity of the fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of providing a tepid sponge bath in a patient with fever?

    <p>To lower the body temperature quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hypothermia?

    <p>Prolonged exposure to cold environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is impaired perception of cold a risk factor for?

    <p>Hypothermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which accidental exposure to cold leads to hypothermia?

    <p>Impaired thermoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of impaired thermoregulation in patients with hypothermia?

    <p>Impaired cognitive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk factor for accidental hypothermia?

    <p>Environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with hypothermia?

    <p>Increased respirations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothermia that is also related to neurological function?

    <p>Poor coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of hypothermia that is related to the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Decreased pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a neurological symptom of hypothermia that is also a psychological phenomenon?

    <p>Hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of hypothermia that is related to the respiratory system?

    <p>Decreased respirations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method of rewarming is used to provide warmth internally?

    <p>Warm fluids: PO or IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medication is used to provide relief from pain during hypothermia treatment?

    <p>Analgesics- medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of rewarming in hypothermia treatment?

    <p>To restore normal body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using warm fluids in hypothermia treatment?

    <p>To rewarm the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method of protecting the body from heat loss?

    <p>Using warm blankets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of determining the amplitude of a pulse rate?

    <p>To measure the strength and quality of the pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a bounding pulse rate?

    <p>It is classified as +3 amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal classification of amplitude in a pulse rate?

    <p>+1: Diminished, +2: Normal, +3: Bounding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a pulse rate that is flat or non-existent?

    <p>Absent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of measuring the amplitude of a pulse rate?

    <p>To assess cardiovascular health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which peripheral pulse site is not bilateral?

    <p>Apical pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why the apical pulse is not bilateral?

    <p>It is located at the apex of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the apical and radial pulse rates?

    <p>The apical pulse rate is always higher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the apical pulse rate often used to assess cardiac function?

    <p>It is closer to the heart and reflects cardiac activity more accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of assessing apical peripheral circulation?

    <p>To identify cardiac-related issues, such as cardiac failure or cardiomyopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of apical pulse rate?

    <p>60-100 beats per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a 1+ peripheral pulse?

    <p>It suggests a diminished peripheral pulse, which may indicate peripheral artery disease (PAD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inspecting the skin for signs of poor circulation?

    <p>To identify signs of peripheral artery disease (PAD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of assessing amplitude in peripheral circulation?

    <p>To identify the Strength or Quality of arterial blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Capillary Refill assess in peripheral circulation?

    <p>The briskness of blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to assess Equality in peripheral circulation?

    <p>To identify any potential bilateral differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of assessing Color in peripheral circulation?

    <p>To identify any signs of cyanosis or pallor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of assessing Sensation in peripheral circulation?

    <p>To identify any signs of numbness or tingling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why well-trained athletes tend to have a lower pulse rate?

    <p>Their heart is more efficient and can pump the same amount of blood with fewer beats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why pulse rate tends to decrease with age?

    <p>The heart becomes more efficient with age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a normal range of pulse rate for a given age group?

    <p>Adults: 50-80 bpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why emotional states such as stress and anxiety can increase pulse rate?

    <p>The nervous system stimulates the heart to beat faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pulse measurement locations is closest to the heart?

    <p>Brachial pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of assessing respirations in a patient?

    <p>To assess the quality of breathing and detect potential complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a normal breathing pattern?

    <p>Eupneic, with a consistent rate, rhythm, and depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of assessing the depth of respirations?

    <p>To detect potential complications, such as respiratory distress or hypoventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of assessing the rhythm of respirations?

    <p>To detect potential complications, such as respiratory distress or arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of assessing the quality of respirations?

    <p>To detect potential complications, such as respiratory distress or respiratory failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cues is most indicative of abnormal respirations?

    <p>Use of accessory muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for assessing a patient's skin color?

    <p>To determine the presence of abnormal respirations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of abnormal respirations?

    <p>Use of accessory muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of assessing a patient's mental status?

    <p>To detect early signs of neurological dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cue of abnormal respirations that is related to neurological function?

    <p>Change in mental status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of abnormal respirations?

    <p>Lesions of the brain or brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can affect hemoglobin function?

    <p>Diet low in iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of acute pain?

    <p>Abnormal respirations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factor that can affect the regulation of respirations?

    <p>Lesions of the brain or brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be a cause of abnormal respirations?

    <p>Medications that affect the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of stroke volume and heart rate?

    <p>Cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force exerted by moving blood against the arterial walls?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of hemoglobin is oxygen-bound in the arteries?

    <p>Arterial oxygen saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiological process that regulates blood pressure over time?

    <p>Long-term regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the risk factors for developing high blood pressure?

    <p>Family history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for hypertension?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a metabolic disorder that increases the risk of hypertension?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a lifestyle risk factor for hypertension?

    <p>Sedentary lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a race-related risk factor for hypertension?

    <p>African American</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for diagnosing hypotension?

    <p>To measure the patient's blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypotension?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for hypotension?

    <p>Fluid replacement therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of hypotension?

    <p>Fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of blood pressure?

    <p>90/60 mmHg to 120/80 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common complication of untreated hypotension?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of measuring Korotkoff sounds during blood pressure measurement?

    <p>To provide an indirect measurement of blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of Korotkoff sounds indicates the start of turbulent blood flow?

    <p>Phase 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the final disappearance of Korotkoff sounds during blood pressure measurement?

    <p>It indicates the diastolic blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using Korotkoff sounds to measure blood pressure?

    <p>It provides an indirect measurement of blood pressure, allowing for diagnosis and monitoring of hypertension and hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Korotkoff sounds?

    <p>They provide a direct measurement of blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of accurate measurement of Korotkoff sounds in healthcare?

    <p>It is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment of blood pressure-related conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial component of pain assessment that involves understanding how pain affects a patient's daily activities?

    <p>Effects on ADL's and lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components of pain assessment involves understanding when the pain started and how it has changed over time?

    <p>Duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of pain assessment involves identifying factors that make the pain better or worse?

    <p>Aggravating and alleviating factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of pain assessment involves understanding the sensation or feeling of pain?

    <p>Quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of pain assessment involves measuring the severity of pain?

    <p>Intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale?

    <p>To assess the severity of pain in pediatric patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using the 0-10 Numeric Rating Scale for pain assessment?

    <p>It is a quick and easy way to assess pain intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of pain assessment in healthcare?

    <p>To develop an effective pain management plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a valid pain assessment tool?

    <p>It is a sensitive and specific measure of pain severity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation of using the 0-10 Numeric Rating Scale for pain assessment?

    <p>It is a subjective measure of pain intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of engaging patients in treatment decisions about their pain management?

    <p>To address patient education and engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of concentrating on how pain is affecting a patient's physical function during pain assessment?

    <p>To develop an effective pain management plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to facilitate access to prescription drug monitoring programs?

    <p>To minimize the misuse of opioids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of establishing a clinical leadership team in improving pain assessment and management?

    <p>To engage medical staff in improving pain management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to facilitate referral of patients addicted to opioids to treatment programs?

    <p>To provide support for patients struggling with addiction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of taking BP measurements at the same time every day?

    <p>To monitor the effectiveness of new/changed meds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients avoid consuming for at least 30 minutes before BP measurement?

    <p>Food, alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended position for patients during BP measurement?

    <p>Sitting with feet on the floor and arm elevated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should patients periodically validate their BP monitor?

    <p>To identify faulty equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients do if their BP measurements increase or decrease by more than 10, or if they have any concerns?

    <p>Notify their HCP and follow guidance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the patient's pain level being reported as 4/10?

    <p>The patient is experiencing mild to moderate pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the possible explanation for the patient's elevated blood pressure?

    <p>The patient is experiencing pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of taking the patient's temperature orally?

    <p>It provides a more accurate reading than other methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the patient's respirations being reported as even and unlabored?

    <p>The patient's breathing is normal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of waiting 30 minutes to reassess the patient's blood pressure?

    <p>To reassess the patient's blood pressure after giving medication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a blood pressure cuff is too small for a client, what may happen to the blood pressure readings taken with such a cuff?

    <p>Produce a false-high measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nervous system stimulations decreases the heart rate?

    <p>Parasympathetic (rest and digest) nervous system stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of fever, exercise, and sympathetic stimulation on the heart rate?

    <p>Increase the heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can temporarily accelerate the heart rate?

    <p>Stress, caffeine, and excitement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the parasympathetic nervous system slows the heart rate?

    <p>Releasing the hormone acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

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