Unit 2 Review - Chemistry 203

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a strong acid?

  • Ba(OH)2
  • LiOH
  • KOH
  • HCl (correct)

What is the formula for hydrobromic acid?

  • HBr (correct)
  • BrO
  • H2Br
  • BrH

Which compound acts as a strong base?

  • Ca(OH)2 (correct)
  • HNO3
  • HI
  • H2SO4

What is the name of the ion with the formula NO3-?

<p>nitrate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for potassium hydroxide?

<p>KOH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is percent yield calculated?

<p>Percent Yield = (Actual yield / Theoretical yield) x 100% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is classified as a strong acid?

<p>HClO4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a saturated solution?

<p>No more solute can dissolve at a given temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates a neutralization reaction?

<p>Combining an acid and a strong base (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can molarity be expressed?

<p>Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the equation M1V1 = M2V2 represent?

<p>The dilution of solutions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a weak electrolyte?

<p>NH3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for mass/volume percent?

<p>grams per milliliter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Avogadro's number?

<p>To convert between moles and number of particles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the empirical formula derived from a percentage composition of a compound?

<p>The simplest integer ratio of atoms in a compound (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a balanced chemical equation, which principle is being followed?

<p>The number of atoms of each element must be equal on both sides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction is represented by the equation A + B → AB?

<p>Combination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the limiting reagent in a chemical reaction indicate?

<p>The reactant that completely gets used up (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is theoretical yield in a chemical reaction?

<p>The maximum amount of product that could be generated under ideal conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you convert grams of a substance to moles?

<p>Divide the grams by its molar mass (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does percent yield measure in a chemical reaction?

<p>The efficiency of the reaction in producing a product (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reaction types involves the switching of positive ions between compounds?

<p>Double Replacement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which calculation would you perform to determine mass percent composition from molar mass?

<p>Divide the mass of each element by the molar mass and multiply by 100 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Percent Yield

The ratio of the actual yield of a product to its theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage.

Electrolyte Types

Substances that dissolve in water to form ions, classified as strong, weak, or nonelectrolytes.

Solubility

The ability of a substance (solute) to dissolve in a solvent.

Neutralization Reaction

A reaction between an acid and a base to produce water and a salt.

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Strong Acid

An acid that completely ionizes (dissociates) in water.

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Molarity (M)

The concentration of a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

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Dilution Formula

The formula used to calculate the concentration of a solution after it is diluted. M1V1 = M2V2

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Titration

A technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.

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Mole

A mole is a unit of measurement representing 6.022 x 10^23 particles (atoms, molecules, ions).

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Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance in grams.

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Balanced Chemical Equation

A chemical equation where the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.

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Combination Reaction

Two or more reactants combine to form a single product.

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Decomposition Reaction

A single reactant breaks down into two or more products.

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Limiting Reagent

The reactant that is completely used up in a chemical reaction, limiting the amount of product formed.

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Theoretical Yield

The maximum amount of product that can be formed from a given amount of reactants.

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Percent Yield

A measure of how much of the theoretical yield is actually obtained in a chemical reaction, calculated as a percentage.

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Empirical Formula

The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.

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Single Replacement Reaction

A reaction where an element replaces another element in a compound.

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Strong Acid

An acid that completely ionizes (dissociates) in water, releasing H+ ions.

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Strong Base

A base that completely dissociates in water, releasing hydroxide (OH-) ions.

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Hydrochloric Acid

A strong acid with the chemical formula HCl.

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Sulfuric Acid

A strong acid with the chemical formula H2SO4.

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Sodium Hydroxide

A strong base with the chemical formula NaOH.

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Study Notes

Unit 2 Review - Chemistry 203

  • Grams, Moles, and Particles:
    • Avogadro's number: 6.022 x 1023 particles/mol
    • Convert moles to particles, atoms, ions, or molecules
    • Convert particles, atoms, ions, or molecules to moles
    • Calculate molar mass
    • Convert grams to moles
    • Convert moles to grams

Chemical Reactions

  • Balancing Chemical Reactions:
    • Determine if a reaction is balanced or unbalanced
    • Assign coefficients to balance chemical equations
    • Reaction Types:
      • Combination (A + B → AB)
      • Decomposition (AB → A + B)
      • Single Replacement (A + BC → AC + B)
      • Double Replacement (AB + CD → AD + CB)
      • Combustion (CxHy + ZO2 → XCO2 + H2O)

Chemical Reaction Stoichiometry

  • Stoichiometry Calculations:
    • Convert between moles of one reactant to another
    • Convert between moles of one reactant to a product
    • Convert between mass of one reactant to another
    • Convert between mass of one reactant to a product
  • Limiting Reagent:
    • The reactant completely used up
    • Identify the limiting reagent
    • Convert mass of each reactant to moles or mass of a single product
    • Lesser value is the limiting reagent
  • Theoretical Yield:
    • Maximum amount of product that can be formed
    • Assuming pure reactants and complete reaction
  • Percent Yield:
    • Percentage of theoretical yield formed
    • Actual yield divided by theoretical yield times 100%

Solutions

  • Precipitation Reactions
  • Electrolytes: Strong, weak, nonelectrolytes

Acid-Base Neutralization Reactions

  • Nomenclature:
    • Strong acids: HCl, HBr, HI, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4
    • Strong bases: LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2
  • Write products of neutralization reaction between any strong acid and any strong base
  • Understand concepts of concentration

Concentrations

  • Molarity:
    • Calculating molarity
    • Using molarity as a conversion factor
  • Mass/volume percent:
    • Calculating mass/volume percent
  • Dilution: M1V1 = M2V2
  • Titration: determining how much of an acid/base needed to neutralize an acid/base

Additional Information to Memorize

  • Periodic Table (provided on the exam)
  • Solubility rules
  • Avogadro's Number
  • Common Transition Metal Charges
  • Common Conversions (such as g to mL, mg to g, etc)
  • Formulas for percent yield, molarity, percent concentration, dilutions
  • Strong Acids: HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4
  • Strong Bases: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2,
  • Polyatomic Ions: (Provided on the exam)
  • Roman Numerals and Prefixes (to denote number of atoms in a molecule)
  • VSEPR Theory (provided on the exam)

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CHM 203 Unit 2 Study Guide PDF

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