Unit 2 AP Psychology Flashcards

A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system.

They receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body.

<p>It passes electrical messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A layer of fatty tissue that encases the fibers of many neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A period of inactivity after a neuron has fired.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neuron's reaction of either firing or not firing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Morphine within'—natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical substances that block or reduce a cell's response to the action of other chemicals or neurotransmitters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain and the spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body in stressful situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple, automatic responses to sensory stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body's 'slow' chemical communication system consisting of glands that secrete hormones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pair of endocrine glands that secrete hormones to help arouse the body in times of stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'THE MASTER GLAND' that regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissue destruction that can occur naturally or experimentally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles to create a composite representation of body slices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce images of the body's soft tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A technique for revealing blood flow and brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The oldest part and central core of the brain, responsible for automatic survival functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heartbeat and breathing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulating sleep and arousal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain's 'sensory switchboard'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controlling arousal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions like fear, aggression, and drives such as those for food and sex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions, including rage and fear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning and memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintenance activities like eating and drinking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fabric of interconnected neuron cells involved in higher order thinking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speaking, muscle movements, and planning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory input for touch and body position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processing visual information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Auditory information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voluntary movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Body touch and movement sensations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain's ability to change and reorganize.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formation of new neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgery that isolates the brain's two hemispheres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Information processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every nongenetic influence affecting behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A complex molecule containing the genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biochemical units of heredity that make up chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete instructions for making an organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The molecular structure and function of genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The proportion of variation among individuals attributed to genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The interplay between environmental and hereditary factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of environmental influences on gene expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The evolution of behavior and the mind using natural selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle that traits leading to increased survival and reproduction are passed on.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Random errors in gene replication that lead to changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers